خیشومی نرم‌کامی واک‌دار

خیشومی نرمکامی یک صامت است که در گفتار برخی از زبان‌های جهان به کار می‌رود. نماد این همخوان در الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی ⟨ŋ⟩ است.[۱]

ŋ
شماره IPA119
کدبندی
محتوا (اعشاری)ŋ
یونیکد (شانزدهتایی)U+014B
الفبای آواییN
کیرشنبامN

 

در زبان کردی جنوبی(زبان لکی، کلهری، گورانی، فیلی) نیز کاربرد دارد، واکه فوق هنگام چسبیدن "ن " و "گ " صدای نون تو دماغی فوق را دارد که نمونه انگلیسی آن مثل ring یا among تلفظ می‌شود مانند واژه‌های کردی مانْگْ، دَنْگْ

نمونه ویرایش

زبان واژه IPA معنی توضیحات
آلبانیایی ngaqë [ŋɡacə] 'چونکه'
آلیوتی[۲] chaang [tʃɑːŋ] 'پنج'
عربی بعضی لهجه‌ها إنکار [ʔɪŋˈkʰɑːr] 'نپذیرفتن' Allophone of /n/ before /k/; more commonly realized as [n].
ارمنی شرقی[۳] ընկեր [əŋˈkɛɾ] 'دوست' Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants
آسامی ৰং [rɔŋ] 'رنگ'
بامبارایی ŋonI [ŋoni] 'گیتار'
باشقیری мең / meñ   [mɪ̞ŋ] 'نه'
باسکی hanka [haŋka] 'ران'
بنگالی [rɔŋ] 'رنگ'
بلغاری[۴] тънко [ˈtɤŋko] 'باریک، نازک'
کاتالانی[۵] sang [ˈsaŋ(k)] 'خون'
کردی جنوبی مانگا [maŋa] 'ماده گاو' این صامت در تمام گویش‌های کردی جنوبی (لکی،‌ گورانی، کلهوری،‌ کرماشانی، کلیایی،‌ فیلی، زنگنه‌ای،‌ خزلی، سنجابی، کرندی، گروسی، ملکشاهی، ...) وجود دارد.
Chinese Cantonese [ŋɔːŋ˩] 'raise' See Cantonese phonology
Eastern Min [ŋi] 'suspect'
Gan [ŋa] 'tooth'
Hakka [ŋai] 'I'
Mandarin 北京 [peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥] 'Beijing' Restricted to the syllable coda. See Mandarin phonology
Northern Min [ŋui] 'outside'
Southern Min [ŋ̍] 'yellow' Only in colloquial speech.
Sichuanese [ŋɔ] 'I'
Wu [ŋ˩˧] 'five'
Xiang [ŋau] 'to boil'
Yuci dialect of Jin [ŋie] 'I'
Chukchi ӈыроӄ [ŋəɹoq] 'three'
Czech tank [taŋk] 'tank' See Czech phonology
Dinka ŋa [ŋa] 'who'
Danish sang [sɑŋˀ] 'song' See Danish phonology
Dutch[۶] angst [ɑŋst] 'fear' See Dutch phonology
English sing   [sɪŋ] 'sing' Restricted to the syllable coda. See English phonology
Faroese ong [ɔŋk] 'meadow'
Fijian gone [ˈŋone] 'child'
Filipino ngayón [ŋaˈjon] 'now'
Finnish kangas [ˈkɑŋːɑs] 'cloth' Occurs in native vocabulary only intervocally (as a geminate) and before /k/. See Finnish phonology
French[۷] camping [kɑ̃piŋ] 'camping' Occurs only in words borrowed from English or Chinese. See French phonology
Galician unha [ˈuŋa] 'one' (f.)
German lang [laŋ] 'long' See Standard German phonology
Greek άγχος/anchos ['aŋxo̞s] 'Stress' See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew Standard אנגלית [aŋɡˈlit] 'English language' Allophone of /n/ before velar stops. See Modern Hebrew phonology
Sephardi עין [ŋaˈjin] 'Ayin' See Sephardi Hebrew
Hiligaynon buang [bu'äŋ] 'crazy/mentally unstable'
Hindustani रंग / رنگ [rəŋɡ] 'color' See Hindi–Urdu phonology
Hungarian ing [iŋɡ] 'shirt' Allophone of /n/. See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic ng [ˈkœy̯ŋk] 'tunnel' See Icelandic phonology
Indonesian bangun [bäŋʊn] 'wake up'
Inuktitut ᐆᖅ/puunnguuq [puːŋŋuːq] 'dog'
Inuvialuktun qamnguiyuaq [qamŋuijuaq] 'snores'
Irish a nglór [ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ] 'their voice' Occurs word-initially as a result of the consonantal mutation eclipsis. See Irish phonology
Italian[۸] anche [ˈaŋke] 'also' Allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Italian phonology
Itelmen қниң [qniŋ] 'one'
Japanese Standard 南極/nankyoku [naŋkʲokɯ] 'the South Pole' See Japanese phonology
Eastern dialects[۹] /kagi [kaŋi] 'key'
Kagayanen[۱۰] manang [manaŋ] 'older sister'
Kazakh мың/myń [məŋ] 'thousand'
Kyrgyz миң [miŋ] 'thousand'
Ket аяң [ajaŋ] 'to damn'
Khasi ngap [ŋap] 'honey'
Korean /bang [pɐŋ] 'room' See Korean phonology
Luxembourgish[۱۱] keng [kʰæŋ] 'nobody' See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian aнглиски [ˈaŋɡliski] 'English' Occurs occasionally as an allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Macedonian phonology
Luganda ŋaaŋa [ŋɑːŋɑ] 'hornbill'
Malay bangun [bäŋon] 'wake up'
Malayalam[۲] മാങ്ങ [maːŋŋɐ] 'mango'
Māori[۱۲] ngā [ŋaː] 'the'
Marathi रंग [rəŋə] 'colour' See Marathi phonology
Mari еҥ [jeŋ] 'human'
Nganasan ӈаӈ [ŋaŋ] 'mouth'
Nivkh ңамг [ŋamɡ] 'seven'
North Frisian Mooring kåchelng [ˈkɔxəlŋ] 'stove'
Norwegian gang [ɡɑŋ] 'hallway' See Norwegian phonology
Punjabi ਵੰ [vəŋ] 'bangle'
Persian رنگ [ræːŋ] 'color' See Persian phonology
Pipil nemanha [nemaŋa] 'later'
Polish[۱۳] bank [bäŋk] 'bank' Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ, x/; post-palatal before /kʲ, ɡʲ/.[۱۴][۱۵] See Polish phonology
Portuguese manga [ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ] 'mango' Occurs occasionally in slow, careful speech, as an allophone of /n/ before /ɡ/ and /k/, when the speaker does not delete the /n/ by fusing it with the preceding vowel.
Occitan Provençal vin [viŋ] 'wine'
Rapanui hanga [haŋa] 'bay' Sometimes written g in Rapanui
Romanian Țara Moților Transylvanian[۱۶] câine [kɨŋi][stress?] 'dog' Corresponds to [n] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[۱۷] stanka [stâːŋka] 'pause' Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/.[۱۷] See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Seri comcáac [koŋˈkaak] 'Seri people'
Shona nanga [ŋaŋɡa] 'witch doctor'
Slovene tank [taŋk] 'tank'
Spanish[۱۸] All dialects domingo [d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞] 'Sunday' Allophone of /n/ before velar stops. See Spanish phonology
Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialects alquitrán [alkitˈɾaŋ] 'tar' Allophone of /n/ in word-final position, either before consonants other than velar stops or vowel-beginning words or before a pause.
Swahili ng'ombe [ŋombɛ] 'cow'
Swedish ingenting [ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ] 'nothing' See Swedish phonology
Tamil இங்கே [iŋgeː] 'here'
Thai าน [ŋaːn] 'work'
Tuamotuan rangi/ragi [raŋi] 'sky'
Tundra Nenets ӈэва [ŋæewa] 'head'
Turkish Ankara [ˈaŋkaɾa] 'Ankara' Allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. See Turkish phonology
Turkmen ň [myŋ] 'thousand'
Uzbek ming [miŋ] 'thousand'
Venetian man [maŋ] 'hand'
Vietnamese[۱۹] ngà [ŋaː˨˩] 'ivory' See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh rhwng [r̥ʊŋ] 'between'
West Frisian kening [ˈkeːnɪŋ] 'king'
Yi /nga [ŋa˧] 'I'
Yup'ik ungungssiq [uŋuŋssiq] 'animal'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[۲۰] yan [jaŋ] 'neck' Word-final allophone of lenis /n/

منابع ویرایش

  1. Velar nasal. (2016, February 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:11, February 21, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velar_nasal&oldid=704566293
  2. ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  3. Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
  4. Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  5. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  6. Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  7. Wells (1989), p. 44.
  8. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
  9. Okada (1999), p. 118.
  10. Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
  11. Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  12. Reed (2001).
  13. Jassem (2003), p. 103.
  14. Gussmann (1974), pp. 107, 111 and 114.
  15. Ostaszewska & Tambor (2000), pp. 35, 41 and 86.
  16. Pop (1938), p. 31.
  17. ۱۷٫۰ ۱۷٫۱ Landau et al. (1999:67)
  18. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
  19. Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  20. Merrill (2008), p. 109.