اعتراضات میدان تیان‌آن‌من: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها
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خط ۱:
{{Infobox civil conflict
|partof=[[Chinese Democracy Movement]] in 1989
|image=<!-- do not add the tank man photo here, it is a violation of Wikipedia's copyright policies. See the photo's own page for details. -->
|caption=[[تایپ ۵۹]] tanks on [[Chang'an Avenue]]. "[[مرد تانکی]]" is visible in the lower left.
|map_type=
|map_caption=
|place=Beijing{{سخ}}400 cities nationwide
|coordinates=
|date=April 15, 1989 – June 4, 1989{{سخ}}({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=4|day1=15|year1=1989|month2=6|day2=4|year2=1989}})
|status=
|time=
|timezone=
|goals=[[Social equality]], "A [[حزب کمونیست چین]] Without Corruption", [[آزادی رسانه]]، [[آزادی بیان]]
|causes=
* Death of [[هو یائوبانگ]]
* [[Chinese economic reform|Economic reform]]
* Inflation
* Political corruption
* Economic [[خویشاوندسالاری]] (especially regarding [[جائو تسیانگ]]'s and [[دنگ ژیائوپینگ]]'s sons)
* Career prospects
* [[Revolutions of 1989|Social unrest in Eastern Europe]]
* [[Nanjing anti-African protests]]
|concessions=
|result=
* Enforcement of martial law in certain areas of Beijing executed by force from June 3, 1989 (declared from {{start date|1989|5|20}} – {{end date|1990|1|10}}, {{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=5|day1=20|year1=1989|month2=1|day2=10|year2=1990}})
* Protesters (mainly workers) and rioters barricading the [[ارتش آزادی‌بخش خلق]] troops and nearby innocent civilians shot by PLA on multiple sites in Beijing and around Tiananmen Square, hundreds to thousands killed, more wounded
* Uncertain reports of few and isolated deaths of protestors inside Tiananmen Square
* Few and isolated deaths of soldiers killed by rioters in June 4th after civilians being killed in June 3rd
* Protest leaders and pro-democracy activists later exiled or imprisoned
* Some rioters charged with violent crimes were executed in the following months
* [[جائو تسیانگ]] purged
* [[جیانگ زمین]] promoted
* Western economic sanctions and arms embargoes on the PRC
* Market reforms delayed
* Media control tightened
* Political reform halted
|fatalities=241–2,600
|injuries=7,000–10,000
|methods=[[اعتصاب غذا]]، [[تحصن]]، [[Occupation (protest)|occupation]] of public square
|side1={{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg|size=23px}} [[حزب کمونیست چین]]{{سخ}}{{Flagicon|China}} [[Government of the People's Republic of China]]{{سخ}}{{Flagicon image|People%27s_Liberation_Army_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg|size=23px}} [[ارتش آزادی‌بخش خلق]]{{سخ}}[[پرونده:People's Armed Police cap badge 2007.png|19px]] [[People's Armed Police]]
|side2=University students{{سخ}}Factory workers{{سخ}}Beijing residents{{سخ}}Intellectuals{{سخ}}Pro-democracy protesters{{سخ}}Reformists
|leadfigures1=
''hardliners''
* [[دنگ ژیائوپینگ]]
* [[Li Peng]]
* [[Yang Shangkun]]
* [[Yao Yilin]]
* [[Li Ximing]]
* [[Chen Xitong]]
* [[Chi Haotian]]
* [[Liu Huaqing]]
''moderates''
* [[جائو تسیانگ]]
* [[Hu Qili]]
* [[Yan Mingfu]]
* [[Bao Tong]]
* [[Wan Li]]
* [[Xu Qinxian]]
|leadfigures2=
''student leaders''
* [[Wu'erkaixi]]
* [[Chai Ling]]
* [[Wang Dan]]
* [[Shen Tong]]
* [[Liu Gang]]
* [[Feng Congde]]
* [[Li Lu]]
''intellectuals''
* [[لیو شیائوبو]]
* [[Wang Juntao]]
* [[Dai Qing]]
* [[Hou Dejian]]
}}
{{Coord|39|54|12|N|116|23|30|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
[[پرونده:مرد تانک‌ها.jpg|بندانگشتی|چپ|250px|[[مرد تانکی]] - این عکس مشهور توسط [[جف وایدنر]] در ۵ ژوئن ۱۹۸۹ در پکن
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