طایفه زند: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

'''طایفه زند''' یکی از [[طوایف لک ایران]] است.<ref>Vladimir Minorsky, "The Guran" in Bulletin of School of Oriental and African Studies, 11, No. ۱, (۱۹۴۳).</ref> آن‌هاآنها گروهیشاخه‌ای از [[کردهالرها]]<ref>''One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the kurdish Lak tribe near Shiraz'', William Marsden, Stephen Album, ''Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata'', Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, [https://booksهستند.google.com/books?id=zDtmAAAAMAAJ&q="One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,"&dq="One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,"&hl=en&ei=vfVKTuL8J6H8mAXfp8TxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA p. 158.]</ref><ref>Karim{{یادکرد Khan,وب|نویسنده the founder of the Zand dynasty of Persia that succeeded the Afsharids, was himself born to a family of these Lak deportees (of the Zand tribe), [[مهرداد ایزدی]], ''The Kurds: A Concise Handbook'', Taylor & Francis, 1992, ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA12&dq="Karim+Khan,+the+founder+of+the+Zand+dynasty+of+Persia+that+succeeded+the+Afsharids,+was+himself+born+to+a+family+of+these+Lak+deportees+(of+the+Zand+tribe).+"&hl=en&ei=MfdKTpKjO8r9mAXQjtWSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="Karim%20Khan,%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Zand%20dynasty%20of%20Persia%20that%20succeeded%20the%20Afsharids,%20was%20himself%20born%20to%20a%20family%20of%20these%20Lak%20deportees%20(of%20the%20Zand%20tribe).%20"&f=false p.|نشانی 12.]</ref><ref name="p. 17">''Kurdish leader, Karim Khan Zand,...'', [[Wadie Jwaideh]], ''The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development'', Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7, [httpshttp://bookswww.googleiranicaonline.comorg/books?id=FCbspXarticles/karim-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq="Kurdish+leader,+Karim+Khan+Zand,+who+for+nearly"&hl=en&ei=9flKTu6BGcLkhan-mAW206zxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="Kurdish%20leader,%20Karim%20Khan%20Zand,%20who%20for%20nearly"&f=falsezand p.|عنوان 17.]</ref><ref name="p.KARIM 308">LokmanKHAN I.ZAND Meho,| Kellyناشر L.=[[دانشنامه Maglaughlin,ایرانیکا|Encyclopædia ''KurdishIranica]] Culture|تاریخ and Society: An Annotated Bibliography'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31543-5, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sl4PIeyWriUC&pg=PA308&dq="Karim+Khan+Zand,+the+founder+of+the+Kurdish+Zand+dynasty"&hl=en&ei=QftKTviXOLD2mAWLiPSICA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="Karim%20Khan%20Zand,%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Kurdish%20Zand%20dynasty"&f=false p.۱۵ 308.]</ref><refدسامبر name="Jwaideh۲۰۱۵|تاریخ 2006">{{citeبازدید book|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|title=The Kurdish۲ nationalمارس movement: its origins and development|year=2006|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq=Karim+KhanZand+Kurdish#v=onepage&q=Karim%20Khan%20Kurdish&f=false۲۰۱۶}}</ref> و یا شاخه‌ای از [[لرها]] بودند<ref>''Muhammad Karim Khan, of the Zand clan of the Lur tribe, suc- ceeded in imposing his authority on parts of the defunct Safavid empire'', David Yeroushalmi, ''The Jews of Iran in The Nineteenth Century: Aspects of History, Community, and Culture'', BRILL, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-15288-5, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XYlGS3s3zTQC&pg=PR39&dq="Muhammad+Karim+Khan,+of+the+Zand+clan+of+the+Lur+tribe,+suc-+ceeded+in+imposing+his+authority+on+parts+of+the+defunct+Safavid+empire"&hl=en&ei=_gJLTsPHGYPEmAXM_oiPCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="Muhammad%20Karim%20Khan,%20of%20the%20Zand%20clan%20of%20the%20Lur%20tribe,%20suc-%20ceeded%20in%20imposing%20his%20authority%20on%20parts%20of%20the%20defunct%20Safavid%20empire"&f=false p. xxxix.]</ref><ref name="Cambridge">''...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin.'', Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), ''The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&pg=PA64&dq="the+bulk+of+the+evidence+points+to+their+being+one+of+the+northern+Lur+or+Lak+tribes,+who+may+originally+have+been+immigrants+of+Kurdish+origin.+"&hl=en&ei=Qv1KTtz2K4mOmQX07_X5Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="the%20bulk%20of%20the%20evidence%20points%20to%20their%20being%20one%20of%20the%20northern%20Lur%20or%20Lak%20tribes,%20who%20may%20originally%20have%20been%20immigrants%20of%20Kurdish%20origin.%20"&f=false p. 64.]</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">کریم‌خان زند، «جان. ر. پری»، داود نعمت‌اللهی، ص.38 - 39</ref><ref>قوم لر در آینه تاریخ، حشمت الله رحمتی، ص 110</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب | نام خانوادگی=رمضانی| نام=عباس| عنوان=کریمخان زند| سال=1386| ناشر=ترفند| مکان=تهران| شابک=964-7332-46-7}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب | نام خانوادگی=فاروقی| نام=فواد| عنوان=شهریار بی تاج و تخت| سال=1391| ناشر=کوشش| مکان=تهران| شابک=964-6326-05-6}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب |کتاب = لطفعلی خان زند از شاهی تا تباهی| نام خانوادگی = پناهی سمنانی| نام = احمدمحمد|ناشر عنوان=از شاهیانتشارات تاکتاب تباهینمونه|مکان = تهران| صفحه = صفحه 19 و 21}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zand-dynasty The founder of the dynasty was Moḥammad Karim Khan b. Ināq Khan (Figure 1; commonly known as Karim Khan Zand) of the Bagala branch of the Zand, a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of Lors.]</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب |کتاب = رستم التواریخ| نام خانوادگی = آصف| نام = محمد هاشم| سال =1375 1352| ناشر =کتاب نمونه|انتشارات امیرکبیر|مکان = تهران|شابک صفحه = صفحه 284}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب |کتاب = ارتش ایران در دوره زندیه| نام خانوادگی = شعبانی| نام = رضا| صفحه = صفحه 62}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب |کتاب = دلاور زند| نام خانوادگی = نظمی| نام = نصرت| سال = 1369| ناشر = انتشارات عارف و انتشارات ارغوان| صفحه = صفحه 5}}</ref><ref>''the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur collectively called Lak , who may originally have been of Kurdish origin. '',John R. Perry, ''Karim Khan Zand '', 2012, ISBN 1780741995,[https://books.google.com/books?id=hQfrAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=Karim%20Khan%20Zand&pg=PT24#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> [[کریم خان زند]] و [[لطفعلی خان زند]] پادشاهان سلسله [[زندیه]] از افراد مشهور این طایفه هستند. جمع کثیری از زند در زمان صفویه به ملایر و [[دره گز]] خراسان تبعید شدند. در دوران صفویه و افشار ایل زند گاه به عثمانیها و زمانی به افغانها می‌تاختند و دارائی آنها را به یغما می‌بردند و با این کار بر آن بودند که دشمنان را از ایران برهانند.<ref>http://mehremihan.ir/history/1252-zan-zand.html</ref>