مالکیت اجتماعی: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

'''مالکیت اجتماعی''' می‌تواند بر انواعی مختلف از مالکیت بر [[ابزار تولید]] در یک اقتصاد [[سوسیالیستی]]، شامل [[مالکیت دولتی]]، [[برابری شهروندان در مالکیت|مالکیت کارکنان]]، [[تعاونی کارگری|مالکیت تعاونی]]، مالکیت برابر شهروندان<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Hara |first=Phillip |title=Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=September 2003 |isbn=0-415-24187-1 |page=71 |quote=In order of increasing decentralisation (at least) three forms of socialised ownership can be distinguished: state-owned firms, employee-owned (or socially) owned firms, and citizen ownership of equity.}},</ref> [[مالکیت اشتراکی]] و [[مالکیت جمعی]]، دلالت داشته باشد.<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought">{{cite book |last=Hastings, Mason and Pyper |first=Adrian, Alistair and Hugh |title=The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=December 21, 2000 |isbn=978-0-19-860024-4 |page=677 |quote=Socialists have always recognized that there are many possible forms of social ownership of which co-operative ownership is one. Nationalization in itself has nothing particularly to do with socialism and has existed under non-socialist and anti-socialist regimes. Kautsky in 1891 pointed out that a ‘co-operative commonwealth’ could not be the result of the ‘general nationalization of all industries’ unless there was a change in ‘the character of the state’.}}</ref> به صورت تاریخی، مفهوم مالکیت اجتماعی بر این فرض استوار بود که [[سرمایه]] و [[بازارهای عامل|بازار عامل]]، در شرایطی که کالاهای سرمایه‌ای در تعلق یک نهاد یا نهادهایی مختلف به نمایندگی از جامعه باشد تا در نتیجه تبادلات بازاری در فرایند تولید زائد شود، از بین خواهد رفت.<ref>{{cite book |last=Steele |first=David Ramsay |title=From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation |publisher=Open Court |date=September 1999 |isbn=978-0-87548-449-5 |pages=175–177 |quote=Especially before the 1930s, many socialists and anti-socialists implicitly accepted some form of the following for the incompatibility of state-owned industry and factor markets. A market transaction is an exchange of property titles between two independent transactors. Thus internal market exchanges cease when all of industry is brought into the ownership of a single entity, whether the state or some other organization...the discussion applies equally to any form of social or community ownership, where the owning entity is conceived as a single organization or administration.}}</ref> اما تفسیرهای مختلف از مدل‌های [[سوسیالیسم بازار]]، جایی که بازارهای عامل برای تخصیص کالاهای سرمایه‌ای بین شرکت‌های عمومی به کار گرفته می‌شوند، مفهومی از مالکیت اجتماعی که دربرگیرنده نهادهای مستقل نیز هست را پیشنهاد می‌کنند. مالکیت اجتماعی ابزارهای تولید مشخصه مشترک همهٔ اشکال مختلف سوسیالیسم است.<ref>{{cite book |last=Busky |first=Donald F. |title=Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey |publisher=Praeger |date=July 20, 2000 |isbn=978-0-275-96886-1 |pages=2 |quote=Socialism may be defined as movements for social ownership and control of the economy. It is this idea that is the common element found in the many forms of socialism. Yet having stated this as the common definition of socialism, one must necessarily admit that there are a wide variety of views among socialists of various stripes as to just what constitutes social ownership and control of the means of production, distribution and exchange.}}</ref>