ریچارد سوم، دوک نورماندی: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها
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خط ۲۲:
ریچارد سوم '' '(1001-1027) [[دوک نرماندی]] بود. کوتاه [[: wikt: Reign | Reign]] وی با مدت یک سال با عصیان برادر کوچکترش [[رابرت اول ، دوک نرماندی | رابرت اول]] افتتاح شد و با مرگ وی پایان یافت.
== آغاز کار ==
ریچارد سوم بزرگترین پسر [[ریچارد دوم ، دوک نرماندی]] و همسرش جودیت از بریتنی بودند. <ref name = "ESII79"> Detlev Schwennicke ، '' Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten '، Neue Folge، Band III، Teilband 1 (Marburg، Germany: JA Stargardt، 1984)، Tafel 79 </ref> وی در حدود سال ١١٢٠ میلادی متولد شد ، پدر ریچارد او را برای نجات برادرش رجینال، دوک بورگوندی <ref name = "Neveux9978"> François Neveux، '' A تاریخچه مختصر نورمن ها ، ترانس. هوارد کورتیس (Constable & Robbinson، Ltd، London، 2008)، pp. 97-8 </ref> به فرماندهی ارتش بزرگی فرستاد .مسافتی حدود 250 مایل (400 کیلومتر) از نورماندی بود. <ref name = "neveux9978"> Reginald برگزار شد زندانی توسط اسقف [[هیو چلون (999-1039) | هیو اکسیر]]. فرانسوا نووکس ، "یک تاریخچه مختصر از هنجارها" ، ترانس. هوارد کورتیس (Constable & Robbinson، Ltd، London، 2008)، pp. 97-8 </ref> تصرف قلعه می‌نامد توسط ریچارد سوم به اندازه ای کافی بود تا اسقف هوگ را متقاعد کند که تسلیم شده و رجینال را آزاد کند. <ref name = Neveux9978 />
When his father died in August of 1026, as the oldest son, Richard III succeeded him as Duke of Normandy.<ref name="Neveux98">François Neveux, ''A Brief History of the Normans'', trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robbinson, Ltd, London, 2008), p. 98</ref> By all accounts Richard III was accepted by the [[baron]]s of Normandy and had no [[:wikt:problems|problems]] accepting his new role as duke.<ref name=Neveux98/> Richard III had given his younger son, Robert, the town of Exmes and the county of Hiemois.<ref name="Crouch46">David Crouch, ''The Normans: The History of a Dynasty'', (Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 46</ref> But once Richard III became duke, his younger brother Robert was not satisfied. He [[:wikt:raided|raided]] the [[:wikt:diocese|diocese]] of his uncle [[Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen]].<ref name=Crouch46/> He also captured his brother's [[:en:wikt:fortress|fortress]] city of [[Falaise]].<ref name=Crouch46/> Robert's [[:wikt:rebellion|rebellion]] lasted through the end of 1026 and into early 1027.<ref name="Douglas32">David C. Douglas, ''William the Conqueror'' (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), p. 32</ref> Finally Richard III laid [[:en:wikt:siege|siege]] to Falaise and brought the walls down. Robert surrendered and promised to be faithful.<ref name=Crouch46/>
Richard III then took the next step; he arranged with king [[Robert II of France]] to marry his young daughter, Adelis.<ref name=Crouch46/> She was given rich [[dowry]] which included the city and county of [[Coutances]]. Even though he was now newly married to a king's daughter, he already had children by a concubine.<ref name=Crouch46/> But unexpectedly Richard III died on 5 or 6 August 1027.<ref name=Douglas32/> He had a son named Nicholas, but the boy was immediately sent to the [[:en:wikt:monastery|monastery]] at [[Fécamp]].<ref name=Douglas32/> With Nicholas out of the way the duchy passed to his Richard III's younger brother Robert, who became the sixth duke of Normandy as Robert I.<ref name=Douglas32/>
==Marriage==
In January of 1027 he was married to [[Adela of France, Countess of Flanders|Adela]]<ref name="ESII11">Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III, Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 11</ref> a younger daughter of Robert II of France and [[Constance of Arles]].<ref name="ESII11"/> After Richard's death Adela secondly married [[Baldwin V, Count of Flanders]].<ref name="ESII11"/>
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