انسان‌گرایی: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

در سال ۱۸۰۸ فردریک ایمانوئل نییتهامر کومیسیونر آموزشی باواریا برای اولین بار واژه " Humanismus" به معنی انسانگرایی را ابداع کرد و آن را به عنوان توصیفی برای ارائه برنامه درسی جدیدش در مدارس متوسطه آلمان در نظر گرفت.<ref>Niethammer's book was entitled ''Der Streit des Philanthropinismus und des Humanismus in der Theorie des Erziehungs-Unterrichts unsrer Zeit'' (''The Dispute between Philanthropinism and Humanism in the Educational Theory of our Time''), which directly echoes Aulus Gellius's distinction between "philanthropy" and humane learning. Neithammer and other distinguished members of the movement they called "Neo-Humanism" (who included [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] and [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]] and [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]), felt that the curriculum imposed under Napoleon's occupation of Germany had been excessively oriented toward the practical and vocational. They wished to encourage individuals to practice life-long self cultivation and reflection, based on a study of the artistic, philosophical, and cultural masterpieces of (primarily) Greek civilization.</ref> و در سال ۱۸۳۶ کلمه «انسانگرایی» به زبان انگلیسی راه یافت. پس از ابداع این کلمه در سال ۱۸۵۶ در سراسر دنیا مورد قبول همگان واقع شد و همچنین در همان سال جورج ویگت تاریخ‌شناس و فیلسوف آلمانی از این کلمه برای توصیف انسانگرایی رونسانسرنسانس که به عنوان جنبشی که در رنسانس ایتالیایی شکوفا شد تا تجسم یادگیری کلاسیک را زنده کند، استفاده کرد که استفاده از آن در بین تاریخ نویسان در بسیاری از کشورها، به ویژه کشور ایتالیا، پذیرفته گردید.<ref name="See 1877">As J. A. Symonds remarked, "the word humanism has a German sound and is in fact modern" (See ''The Renaissance in Italy'' Vol. 2:71 n, 1877). Vito Giustiniani writes that in the German-speaking world "Humanist" while keeping its specific meaning (as scholar of Classical literature) "gave birth to further derivatives, such as ''humanistisch'' for those schools which later were to be called ''humanistische Gymnasien'', with Latin and Greek as the main subjects of teaching (1784). Finally, ''Humanismus'' was introduced to denote 'classical education in general' (1808) and still later for the epoch and the achievements of the Italian humanists of the fifteenth century (1841). This is to say that 'humanism' for 'classical learning' appeared first in Germany, where it was once and for all sanctioned in this meaning by Georg Voigt (1859)". (Giustiniani, "Homo, Humanus, and the Meanings of Humanism": 172.)</ref>