CD74: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

'''زنجیرهٔ پادگن گامای مجموعه سازگاری بافتی اصلی کلاس دو''' ({{lang-en|HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain}}) که با نام '''CD74''' هم شناخته می‌شود، یک [[پروتئین]] است که در انسان توسط [[ژن]] «''CD74''» کُدگذاری می‌شود.<ref name="pmid6324166">{{cite journal | vauthors = Claesson L, Larhammar D, Rask L, Peterson PA | title = cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein structure | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 80 | issue = 24 | pages = 7395–9 | date = December 1983 | pmid = 6324166 | pmc = 389957 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7395 | bibcode = 1983PNAS...80.7395C }}</ref><ref name="pmid3001652">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kudo J, Chao LY, Narni F, Saunders GF | title = Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class II histocompatibility antigens | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 13 | issue = 24 | pages = 8827–41 | date = December 1985 | pmid = 3001652 | pmc = 318954 | doi = 10.1093/nar/13.24.8827 }}</ref> این زنجیرهٔ ثابت و پایدار که به‌اختصار «'''Ii'''» گفته می‌شود، یک [[پپتید]] است که نقش مهمی در [[ارائه پادگن]] ایفا می‌کند و درتشکیل کمپلکس‌های شیمیایی [[مجموعه سازگاری بافتی اصلی کلاس دو]] دخالت دارد که در عملکرد [[لنفوسیت تی کمک‌کننده]] +CD4 حائز اهمیت است.<ref name=UniProt>{{cite web

|title=UniProtKB - P04233 (HG2A_HUMAN)|work=The UniProt Knowledgebase|publisher=The UniProt Consortium|year=2020|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04233|access-date=Aug 10, 2020}}</ref><ref name="pmid8011283">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cresswell P | title = Assembly, transport, and function of MHC class II molecules | journal = Annual Review of Immunology | volume = 12 | issue = | pages = 259–93 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8011283 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001355 }}</ref> در واقع شکل سطح سلولی زنجیرهٔ ثابت را CD74 می‌گویند که یک گیرندهٔ سطحی برای «فاکتور بازدارندهٔ حرکت ماکروفاژها» (MIF) محسوب می‌شود.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S | title = Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair | journal = Frontiers in Immunology | volume = 11 | pages = 1273 | date = 2020 | pmid = 32655566 | pmc = 7325688 | doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273 }}</ref>

از این زنجیرهٔ ثابت آنتی‌ژنی به‌عنوان ادجوان در تهیهٔ واکسن هپاتیت سی استفاده شده‌است که تأثیر واکسن را، به‌مراتب بیشتر نموده‌است.<ref name=Esposito2020>{{cite journal | vauthors = Esposito I, Cicconi P, D'Alise AM, Brown A, Esposito M, Swadling L, Holst PJ, Bassi MR, Stornaiuolo M, Mori F, Vassilev V, Li W, Donnison T, Gentile C, Turner B, von Delft A, Del Sorbo M, Barra F, Contino AM, Abbate A, Novellino E, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP, Lahm A, Grazioli F, Ammendola V, Siani L, Colloca S, Klenerman P, Nicosia A, Dorrell L, Folgori A, Capone S, Barnes E | s2cid = 219722045 | display-authors = 6 | title = MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 12 | issue = 548 | date = June 2020 | pages = eaaz7715 | pmid = 32554708 | doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7715 | url = https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/548/eaaz7715 }}</ref>

[[اتوآنتی‌بادی]] علیه CD74 شاید یک [[نشانگر زیستی]] نویدبخش در تشخیص زودرس برخی [[بیماری خودایمنی|بیماری‌های خودایمنی]] (همچون [[اسپوندیلیت آنکیلوزان]]) باشد.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Baerlecken NT, Nothdorft S, Stummvoll GH, Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Reuter S, Matthias T, Schmidt RE, Witte T | display-authors = 6 | title = Autoantibodies against CD74 in spondyloarthritis | language = English | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 73 | issue = 6 | pages = 1211–4 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 23687263 | doi = 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202208 | s2cid = 22939188 }}</ref>

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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Riberdy JM, Newcomb JR, Surman MJ, Barbosa JA, Cresswell P | title = HLA-DR molecules from an antigen-processing mutant cell line are associated with invariant chain peptides | journal = Nature | volume = 360 | issue = 6403 | pages = 474–7 | date = December 1992 | pmid = 1448172 | doi = 10.1038/360474a0 | s2cid = 4338656 | bibcode = 1992Natur.360..474R }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bakke O, Dobberstein B | title = MHC class II-associated invariant chain contains a sorting signal for endosomal compartments | journal = Cell | volume = 63 | issue = 4 | pages = 707–16 | date = November 1990 | pmid = 2121367 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90137-4 | url = http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/9193/1/27.MHC_class_II_associated_invariant_chain.pdf | s2cid = 19993336 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marks MS, Blum JS, Cresswell P | title = Invariant chain trimers are sequestered in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of association with HLA class II antigens | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 111 | issue = 3 | pages = 839–55 | date = September 1990 | pmid = 2391366 | pmc = 2116304 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.111.3.839 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Spiro RC, Quaranta V | title = The invariant chain is a phosphorylated subunit of class II molecules | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 143 | issue = 8 | pages = 2589–94 | date = October 1989 | pmid = 2507633 | doi = }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = O'Sullivan DM, Noonan D, Quaranta V | title = Four Ia invariant chain forms derive from a single gene by alternate splicing and alternate initiation of transcription/translation | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 2 | pages = 444–60 | date = August 1987 | pmid = 3036998 | pmc = 2189580 | doi = 10.1084/jem.166.2.444 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Genuardi M, Saunders GF | title = Localization of the HLA class II-associated invariant chain gene to human chromosome band 5q32 | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–6 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3132422 | doi = 10.1007/BF00372530 | s2cid = 2418453 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = O'Sullivan DM, Larhammar D, Wilson MC, Peterson PA, Quaranta V | title = Structure of the human Ia-associated invariant (gamma)-chain gene: identification of 5' sequences shared with major histocompatibility complex class II genes | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 83 | issue = 12 | pages = 4484–8 | date = June 1986 | pmid = 3459184 | pmc = 323758 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4484 | bibcode = 1986PNAS...83.4484O }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Koch N, Hämmerling GJ | title = Ia-associated invariant chain is fatty acylated before addition of sialic acid | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 24 | issue = 22 | pages = 6185–90 | date = October 1985 | pmid = 3866610 | doi = 10.1021/bi00343a023 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Claesson L, Peterson PA | title = Association of human gamma chain with class II transplantation antigens during intracellular transport | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 22 | issue = 13 | pages = 3206–13 | date = June 1983 | pmid = 6576808 | doi = 10.1021/bi00282a026 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Strubin M, Mach B, Long EO | title = The complete sequence of the mRNA for the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain reveals a polypeptide with an unusual transmembrane polarity | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 869–72 | date = April 1984 | pmid = 6586420 | pmc = 557440 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01898.x }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kvist S, Wiman K, Claesson L, Peterson PA, Dobberstein B | title = Membrane insertion and oligomeric assembly of HLA-DR histocompatibility antigens | journal = Cell | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–9 | date = May 1982 | pmid = 6955026 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90090-3 | url = http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/9169/1/10.Membrane_insertion_and_oligomeric_assembly.pdf | s2cid = 9066996 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Machamer CE, Cresswell P | title = Biosynthesis and glycosylation of the invariant chain associated with HLA-DR antigens | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 129 | issue = 6 | pages = 2564–9 | date = December 1982 | pmid = 6982931 | doi = }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ghosh P, Amaya M, Mellins E, Wiley DC | title = The structure of an intermediate in class II MHC maturation: CLIP bound to HLA-DR3 | journal = Nature | volume = 378 | issue = 6556 | pages = 457–62 | date = November 1995 | pmid = 7477400 | doi = 10.1038/378457a0 | s2cid = 4275956 | bibcode = 1995Natur.378..457G }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bijlmakers MJ, Benaroch P, Ploegh HL | title = Mapping functional regions in the lumenal domain of the class II-associated invariant chain | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 180 | issue = 2 | pages = 623–9 | date = August 1994 | pmid = 7519244 | pmc = 2191624 | doi = 10.1084/jem.180.2.623 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brown JH, Jardetzky TS, Gorga JC, Stern LJ, Urban RG, Strominger JL, Wiley DC | title = Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1 | journal = Nature | volume = 364 | issue = 6432 | pages = 33–9 | date = July 1993 | pmid = 8316295 | doi = 10.1038/364033a0 | s2cid = 4248668 | bibcode = 1993Natur.364...33B }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Naujokas MF, Morin M, Anderson MS, Peterson M, Miller J | title = The chondroitin sulfate form of invariant chain can enhance stimulation of T cell responses through interaction with CD44 | journal = Cell | volume = 74 | issue = 2 | pages = 257–68 | date = July 1993 | pmid = 8343954 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90417-O | s2cid = 10295196 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Roche PA, Teletski CL, Stang E, Bakke O, Long EO | title = Cell surface HLA-DR-invariant chain complexes are targeted to endosomes by rapid internalization | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 90 | issue = 18 | pages = 8581–5 | date = September 1993 | pmid = 8397411 | pmc = 47401 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.90.18.8581 | bibcode = 1993PNAS...90.8581R }}