دودمان گاوباریان: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

[[گاوباره]] از این دودمان، نخست بر گیلان و دیلمان و سپس بر طبرستان مسلط شد.[[دابویه]] پسر گاوباره همچنان در گیلان مقیم بود ولی پسرش [[اسپهبد فرخان بزرگ|فرخان]] به طبرستان آمد و ایالت را از یورش ترکان از سوی شرق و تهاجم [[دیلمیان]] از سوی غرب مستحکم ساخت و شهر [[ساری]] را پایه گذاری و پایتخت خود نمود و قلمرو خود را تا [[نیشابور]] در [[خراسان بزرگ|خراسان]] گسترش داد.اگرچه [[اسپهبد فرخان بزرگ|فرخان]] و جانشینانش ادعای مالکیت خود بر [[گیلان]] و [[دیلمستان|دیلمان]] را حفظ کردند،اما آن ولایات عملا تحت فرمان فرماندهان و شاهان مستقل بودند.نواحی کوهستان طبرستان بطور موثر تحت حاکمیت دو دودمان [[باوندیان]] و [[آل قارن]] بوده که سروری و مهتری گاوبارگان را به رسمیت می شناختند. درواقع کنترل [[دابویگان]] بر [[رویان (طبرستان)|رویان]] و زمین های جلگه ای(پست) طبرستان تا [[تمیشه]] احاطه داشته و [[جرجان|گرگان]] توسط مرزبان اداره می شده است<ref>[https://iranicaonline.org/articles/dabuyids-the-dynasty-of-espahbads-ruling-tabarestan-until-its-conquest-by-the-muslims-in-144-761 Gīlānšāh’s son Gīl, known as Gāvbāra, extended his rule from Gīlān over Deylamān and later Ṭabarestān and was said to have been granted by Yazdegerd III (632-51) the title Gīl-Gīlān Faršvādgaršāh, by which the later Dabuyid espahbads of Ṭabarestān were known. Faršvādgar (Pātašvārgar) was the old name of the mountains of Ṭabarestān. Gāvbāra’s son Dābūya continued to reside in Gīlān, but Dābūya’s son Farroḵān (Farḵān) moved to Ṭabarestān and fortified the country against Turkish invasions from the east and Deylamite raids from the west. He is reported to have founded the towns of Sārīa (Sārī) and Eṣfahbodān. The latter, apparently located between Sārīa and Āmol, 2 miles from the coast of the Caspian Sea (Ebn al-­Faqīh, pp. 303, 310), was the private residence of the espahbads, while Āmol remained the capital of the province. Farroḵān briefly expanded his rule to Khorasan as far as Nīšāpūr and seems to have been granted the title “espahbad of Khorasan” by Yazdegerd in the confused state of affairs during the Arab con­questconquest of Persia. In 31/651-52 he offered the defeated Yazdegerd his country, but the latter refused and fled farther east, where he died (Ṭabarī, I, p. 2875). Al­thoughAlthough Farroḵān and his successors retained nominal sovereignty over Gīlān and Deylamān, those prov­incesprovinces were virtually independent under local chiefs and kings. The mountains of Ṭabarestān were effec­tivelyeffectively ruled by two dynasties, the Bāvand (see āl-e bāvand) and the Qārenvand, who nominally recog­nizedrecognized Dabuyid overlordship. Actual Dabuyid control was confined to Rūyān and the lowlands of Ṭabarestān as far as Tamīša (Ṭamīs). Gorgān was ruled by a marzbān], (Wilfred Madelung), “DABUYIDS,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition</ref><ref name="heo6r">{{یادکرد کتاب | نام خانوادگی=Frye | نام=R.N. | نام خانوادگی۲=Fisher | نام۲=W.B. | نام خانوادگی۳=Frye | نام۳=R.N. | نام خانوادگی۴=Avery | نام۴=P. | نام خانوادگی۵=Boyle | نام۵=J.A. | نام خانوادگی۶=Gershevitch | نام۶=I. | نام خانوادگی۷=Yarshater | نام۷=E. | نام خانوادگی۸=Jackson | نام۸=P. | عنوان=The Cambridge History of Iran | ناشر=Cambridge University Press | سری=Cambridge histories online | شماره=v. 4 | سال=1975 | شابک=978-0-521-20093-6 | پیوند=https://books.google.dk/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&pg=PA198 | زبان=en | صفحه = 198 | تاریخ بازبینی=2020-07-01 | صفحه=198}}‏</ref>.