گرند کنیون: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

طول گرند کنیون {{convert|277|mi|km}} و عرض آن تا {{convert|18|mi|km}} می‌رسد و عمق آن یک مایل ({{convert|6000|ft|m|disp=/}}) است<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kiver|first1=E.P.|last2=Harris|first2=D.V.|year=1999|title=Geology of US Parklands|publisher=Wiley|page=902}}</ref> این دره احتمالا در دو میلیارد سال پیش و با فرسایش سنگ‌ها توسط رود کلرادو به وجود آمده‌است.<ref name=npsgeol>[http://www.nps.gov/grca/naturescience/geologicformations.htm Geologic Formations of the Grand Canyon] National Park Service Retrieved 2009-11-17</ref> Whileالبته theدرباره specificمسائل geologicزمین‌شناسی processesبه andوجود timingآمدن thatگرند formedکنیون theبحث‌هایی Grandوجود Canyon are the subject of debate by geologists,<ref name=carvingGC>{{cite book|title=Carving Grand Canyon: Evidence, Theories, and Mystery|first=Wayne|last=Ranney|publisher=Grand Canyon Association|year=2005|isbn=978-0-938216-82-7}}</ref> recent evidence suggests the Colorado River established its course through the canyon at least 17 million years agoدارد.<ref name=17million>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/07/science/07canyon.html?ref=us|newspaper=New York Times|title=Grand Canyon Still Grand but Older|date=2008-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Science|date=2008-03-07|volume=319|issue=5868|pmid=18323451|pages=1377–1380|doi=10.1126/science.1151248|title=Age and Evolution of the Grand Canyon Revealed by U-Pb Dating of Water Table-Type Speleothems|first1=Victor|last1=Polyak|first2=Carol|last2=Hill|first3=Yemane|last3=Asmerom}}</ref> Since that time, the Colorado River continued to erode and form the canyon to its present-day configuration.<ref>{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Butler|url=http://www.durangobill.com/Paleorivers_preface.html|title=Evolution of the Colorado River and its Tributaries including the Origin and Formation of the Grand Canyon Geologic History of the Grand Canyon|accessdate=2010-10-22}}</ref>

Beforeقبل Europeanاز immigration,مهاجرت theاروپایین areaاین wasدره inhabitedمحل byزندگی [[Nativeبومیان Americans in the United States|Native Americansآمریکایی]] whoبوده‌است builtآنها settlementsمحل‌های withinزندگی theدر canyonدره andو itsخیلی manyاز caves.غارها Theساخته [[Puebloanبودند peoples|Puebloو people]] considered the Grand Canyon ("Ongtupqa" inحتی [[Hopiمردم languageپوئبلون]]) a holyاین siteدره andرا madeیک pilgrimagesناحیه toمقدس itمی‌شمردند.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Douglas R.|last2=Lippert|first2=Dorothy|first3=Judy L.|last3=Brunson-Hadley|title=Ancient Burial Practices in the American Southwest|publisher=UNM Press|location=Albuquerque, NM|edition=reprint, illustrated|isbn=082633461X|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=T7VBVRMFJiAC&pg=PA11&dq=Ongtupqa|page=11|date=2004-02-15}}</ref> Theاولین firstاروپایی Europeanکه knownبه toدره haveگرند viewedکنیون theرسید Grandفردی Canyonاسپانیایی wasبه نام [[Garciaگراسیا Lopezلوپر deد Cardenas|Garcíaکاردناس]] Lópezاست deکه Cárdenas]]در fromسال Spain,۱۵۴۰ whoبه arrivedاین inدره 1540.رسید<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/c/COLORADOPLATEU.html|title=History of the Colorado Plateau|work=Utah History Encyclopedia|accessdate=2010-10-22}}</ref>