ترک‌های اروپا
مردمان ترک که در اروپا ساکن هستند
ترک‌های اروپا (به انگلیسی: Euro-Turks)، (به ترکی استانبولی: Avrupa Türkleri) ترک‌هایی از شاخهٔ ترک‌های استانبولی هستند که در سرتاسر قارهٔ اروپا به جز ترکیه زندگی می‌کنند. برآوردهای کنونی نشان می‌دهد که حدود ۹ میلیون تُرک در اروپا، به استثنای ترکیه سکونت دارند.[۱]
پیشینه ویرایش
ترکان سابقهٔ سکونت طولانی از دوران امپراتوری عثمانی در اروپا دارند که برای اولین بار به جنوب شرق اروپا مهاجرت کردند. تُرک‌ها در محدوده امپراطوری عثمانی و نیز هم‌اکنون جوامعی در بلغارستان (ترک‌های بلغارستان)، بوسنی و هرزگوین (ترک‌های بوسنی و هرزگوین)، قبرس (ترک‌های قبرس)، گرجستان (ترک‌های مسختی)، یونان (ترک‌های یونان) (ترک‌های تراکیه غربی) (ترک‌های دودیکانیسیا)، کوزوو (ترک‌های کوزوو)، مقدونیه (ترک‌های مقدونیه) و رومانی (ترک‌های رومانی) زندگی می‌کنند.
مهاجرت ترک‌ها به اروپای غربی با مهاجرت ترک‌های قبرس به بریتانیا در دهه ۱۹۲۰ آغاز شد. که با وقوع کریسمس خونین، ترک‌های قبرس در دهه ۱۹۴۰ و ۱۹۵۰ به میزان قابل توجهی به جهت مناقشه قبرس به بریتانیا کوچ کردند. برعکس، در سال ۱۹۴۴، ترک‌ها که به زور و اجبار از مسختی در گرجستان تبعید شدند. و در طول جنگ جهانی دوم به عنوان ترک‌های مسختی شناخته می‌شوند. دسته دیگری در شرق اروپا به خصوص در جمهوری آذربایجان، قزاقستان، روسیه و اوکراین ساکن شدند. اوایل دهه ۱۹۶۰، مهاجرت به غرب و شمال اروپا به طور قابل توجهی از ترکیه افزایش یافت، که از ترکیه " کارگران میهمان" تحت قرارداد صادرات کارگر" با آلمان در سال ۱۹۶۱، به دنبال یک قرارداد مشابه با هلند، بلژیک و اتریش در سال ۱۹۶۴، فرانسه در سال ۱۹۶۵، و سوئد در سال ۱۹۶۷ وارد شدند.[۲][۳][۴] اخیراً، ترک‌های بلغارستان، ترک‌های رومانیایی و ترک‌های تراکیه غربی نیز به اروپای غربی مهاجرت کرده‌اند.
جمعیت‌شناسی ویرایش
نگارخانه ویرایش
-
راهپیمایی ترک‌ها در بریتانیا -
روز ترک در وین، اتریش -
کارمندان ترک در بارفوس در هانوفر -
مغازه یک ترک در پاریس -
محله ترک‌ها در هلند
منابع ویرایش
- ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ (Cole 2011، 367).
- ↑ (Akgündüz 2008، 61).
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- ↑ (Twigg و دیگران 2005، 33).
- ↑ BBC (2010-11-10). "Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
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- ↑ CBN. "Turkey's Islamic Ambitions Grip Austria". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ↑ ۸٫۰ ۸٫۱ ۸٫۲ (Aydıngün و دیگران 2006، 13).
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- ↑ (Kaya و Kentel 2007، 27).
- ↑ http://www.gundem.be/tr/belcika/milletvekili-veli-yuksel-hamme-camii-yardimlasma-gecesine-katildi
- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۹ مارس ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۵ آوریل ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲ آوریل ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ ۱۵٫۰ ۱۵٫۱ ۱۵٫۲ (Cole 2011، 368).
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{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help)[پیوند مرده] - ↑ Svensk-Turkiska Riksförbundet. "Diyanet İskandinavya'nın en uç noktası Finlandiya'da". Retrieved 2012-03-16.
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- ↑ Todays Zaman. "France and its world famous capital 'Paris'". Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۶ اکتبر ۲۰۱۴. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ Fransa Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği. "۲۰۱۱ YILI DİTİB KADIN KOLLARI GENEL TOPLANTISI PARİS DİTİB'DE YAPILDI". Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
- ↑ Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany London. "Turkey: strategically important partner". Retrieved 2010-09-08.[پیوند مرده]
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- ↑ http://www.kulturrat.de/dokumente/interkultur/interkultur12.pdf
- ↑ "Demographics of Greece". European Union National Languages. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
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- ↑ (Madianou 2005، 36-37).
- ↑ ۴۲٫۰ ۴۲٫۱ (Pettifer و Nazarko 2007، 68).
- ↑ (Western Thrace Minority University Graduates Association 2009، 6).
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- ↑ Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Turkey's Political Relations with Hungary". Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Statistics Iceland. /Database/mannfjoldi/Faedingarland/%26lang=1%26units=Number "Population by origin, citizenship and country of birth". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ↑ (Lacey 2007، 2).
- ↑ Sabah. "Eyvah Türkler geldi!". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ↑ ntvmsnbc. "Roma'da bir Türk Film Festivali". Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ↑ (Warrander و Knaus 2008، 32).
- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۴ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۴. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ PMLP. "Latvijas iedzivotaju sadalijums pec nacionala sastava un valstiskas piederibas" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
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{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help) - ↑ (Abrahams 1996، 53).
- ↑ (Cole 2011، 369).
- ↑ Ethnologue languages. "Turkish". Retrieved 2009-03-25.
- ↑ (Amore 2005، 15).
- ↑ (Kettani 2009، 4).
- ↑ Statistical Office of Montenegro. "Population of Montenegro by sex, type of settlement, etnicity, religion and mother tongue, per municipalities" (PDF). p. 7. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ↑ (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 2008، 11).
- ↑ http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2011/11/15/90-ulkeden-2-bin-turk-isadami-geliyor
- ↑ Statistics Norway. "Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background 1 January 2010". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Turkey's Political Relations with Poland". Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Turkey's Political Relations with Portugal". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ (National Institute of Statistics 2011، 10)
- ↑ (Phinnemore 2006، 4).
- ↑ (Constantin، Goschin و Dragusin 2008، 59).
- ↑ (Ryazantsev 2009، 159).
- ↑ «Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности - „Остали" етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени» (PDF). بایگانی‌شده از اصلی (PDF) در ۱۷ آوریل ۲۰۱۶. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
- ↑ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. "Long-term immigration by country of last residence and age in 2006". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Statistical Office Of The Republic Of Slovenia. "Population by ethnic affiliation, Slovenia, Census 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Hürriyet Daily News. "Turkey 'more democratic' under Erdoğan, says Spanish Muslim leader". Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
- ↑ Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. "Turkiet är en viktig bro mellan Öst och Väst". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
- ↑ Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. "Ankara Historia". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
- ↑ Hava, Ergin (15 April 2011). "Swedish trade minister Ewa Björling calls on Turkey to cooperate in third countries". Sundays Zaman. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ↑ The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Turkey". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. "Diaspora und Migrantengemeinschaften aus der Türkei in der Schweiz" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
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یادداشت‌ها ویرایش
^ a: جمهوری آذربایجان is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia. However the population figures are for the entire state.
^ b: قبرس is sometimes considered transcontinental country. Physiographically entirely in غرب آسیا it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
^ c: Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe. However, the population figures include the entire state.
^ d: قزاقستان is physiographically considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia (UN region) and Eastern Europe, with European territory west of the Ural Mountains and both the Ural and Emba rivers. However, population figures refer to the entire country.
^ e: کوزوو unilaterally declared its independence from صربستان on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is unclear.
^ f: روسیه is considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. However the population figures include the entire state.
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