کاتپسین جی

CTSG
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	1AU8, 1CGH, 1KYN, 1T32
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	CTSG, CATG, CG, cathepsin G
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 116830 MGI: 88563 HomoloGene: 105646 GeneCards: CTSG
موقعیت ژن (موش)
کروموزوم	کروموزوم ۱۴ (موش)
پایان	56,340,031 bp
الگوی گسترش RNA
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• heparin binding; • GO:0070122 peptidase activity; • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی; • hydrolase activity; • serine-type endopeptidase activity; • serine-type peptidase activity;
ترکیبات سلولی	• GO:0005578 بافت‌مانه برون‌یاخته‌ای; • پوسته یاخته; • secretory granule; • cell surface; • extracellular exosome; • هسته یاخته; • extracellular space; • azurophil granule lumen; • cytoplasmic stress granule; • extracellular region; • سیتوپلاسم; • collagen-containing extracellular matrix;
فرایند زیستی	• extracellular matrix disassembly; • پروتئین‌کافت; • angiotensin maturation; • protein phosphorylation; • response to lipopolysaccharide; • positive regulation of immune response; • defense response to bacterium; • GO:0046730، GO:0046737، GO:0046738، GO:0046736 پاسخ ایمنی; • GO:0051637 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; • antimicrobial humoral response; • neutrophil degranulation; • defense response to fungus; • neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	1511
	13035
	ENSG00000100448
	ENSMUSG00000040314
	P08311
	P28293
	NM_001911 XM_011536499، NM_001911
	NM_007800
	XP_011534801 NP_001902، XP_011534801
	NP_031826
	ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان	مشاهده/ویرایش موش

کاتپسین جی (انگلیسی: Cathepsin G) یک آنزیم است که در انسان توسط ژن «CTSG» کُدگذاری می‌شود. کاتپسین جی یکی از سه آنزیم سرین پروتئاز در خانوادهٔ کیموتریپسین است. این آنزیم در گرانول‌های آزورفیل گلبول‌های سفید بیگانه‌خوار یافت می‌شود. این پروتئاز در از بین بردن ارگانیسم‌های مهاجم داخل‌سلولی، و تجزیهٔ بافتی در محل‌های التهاب و پاسخ صد التهابی نقش دارد.^[۴]^[۵]^[۶]^[۷] ژن این آنزیم در انسان بر روی کروموزوم ۱۴ قرار دارد.

اهمیت بالینی ویرایش

کاتپسین جی در بروز روماتیسم مفصلی، بیماری سرخرگ کرونری، پیوره، آسیب ایسکمی-ریپرفیوژن و متاستازهای استخوانی نقش دارد.^[۸]^[۹]^[۱۰]^[۱۱]^[۱۲] این آنزیم همچنین در چندین بیماری التهابی از جمله بیماری مزمن انسدادی ریه، سندرم دسترس حاد تنفسی و فیبروز سیستیک دخالت دارد.^[۱۳]^[۱۴]^[۱۵]

افزایش تولید این آنزیم در بیماری قوز قرنیه نیز دیده شده‌است.^[۱۶]

جستارهای وابسته ویرایش

پروتئاز

منابع ویرایش

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040314 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Janoff A, Scherer J (November 1968). "Mediators of inflammation in leukocyte lysosomes. IX. Elastinolytic activity in granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 128 (5): 1137–55. doi:10.1084/jem.128.5.1137. PMC 2138566. PMID 5303065.
↑ Kao RC, Wehner NG, Skubitz KM, Gray BH, Hoidal JR (December 1988). "Proteinase 3. A distinct human polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteinase that produces emphysema in hamsters". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 82 (6): 1963–73. doi:10.1172/JCI113816. PMC 442778. PMID 3198760.
↑ Baggiolini M, Schnyder J, Bretz U, Dewald B, Ruch W (1979). "Cellular mechanisms of proteinase release from inflammatory cells and the degradation of extracellular proteins". Ciba Foundation Symposium (75): 105–21. PMID 399884.
↑ Virca GD, Metz G, Schnebli HP (October 1984). "Similarities between human and rat leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 144 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08423.x. PMID 6566611.
↑ Szekanecz Z, Koch AE (May 2007). "Macrophages and their products in rheumatoid arthritis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 19 (3): 289–95. doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e32805e87ae. PMID 17414958.
↑ Takei T, Sakai S, Yokonuma T, Ijima H, Kawakami K (Jan–Feb 2007). "Fabrication of artificial endothelialized tubes with predetermined three-dimensional configuration from flexible cell-enclosing alginate fibers". Biotechnology Progress. 23 (1): 182–6. doi:10.1021/bp060152j. PMID 17269686.
↑ Liu R, Chen L, Wu W, Chen H, Zhang S (January 2016). "Neutrophil serine proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in coronary artery ectasia patients". Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 16 (1): 23–8. doi:10.5152/akd.2015.6072. PMID 26467359.
↑ Komine K, Kuroishi T, Ozawa A, Komine Y, Minami T, Shimauchi H, Sugawara S (March 2007). "Cleaved inflammatory lactoferrin peptides in parotid saliva of periodontitis patients". Molecular Immunology. 44 (7): 1498–508. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.003. PMID 17030385.
↑ Shimoda N, Fukazawa N, Nonomura K, Fairchild RL (March 2007). "Cathepsin g is required for sustained inflammation and tissue injury after reperfusion of ischemic kidneys". The American Journal of Pathology. 170 (3): 930–40. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060486. PMC 1864870. PMID 17322378.
↑ Kawabata K, Hagio T, Matsuoka S (September 2002). "The role of neutrophil elastase in acute lung injury". European Journal of Pharmacology. 451 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02182-9. PMID 12223222.
↑ Moraes TJ, Chow CW, Downey GP (April 2003). "Proteases and lung injury". Critical Care Medicine. 31 (4 Suppl): S189-94. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000057842.90746.1E. PMID 12682439.
↑ Twigg MS, Brockbank S, Lowry P, FitzGerald SP, Taggart C, Weldon S (2015). "The Role of Serine Proteases and Antiproteases in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung". Mediators of Inflammation. 2015: 293053. doi:10.1155/2015/293053. PMC 4491392. PMID 26185359.
↑ Whitelock RB, Fukuchi T, Zhou L, Twining SS, Sugar J, Feder RS, Yue BY (February 1997). "Cathepsin G, acid phosphatase, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor messenger RNA levels in keratoconus corneas". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 38 (2): 529–34. PMID 9040486.

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Cathepsin G». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۲۶ نوامبر ۲۰۱۴.

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر ویرایش

Shafer WM, Katzif S, Bowers S, Fallon M, Hubalek M, Reed MS, Veprek P, Pohl J (2002). "Tailoring an antibacterial peptide of human lysosomal cathepsin G to enhance its broad-spectrum action against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 8 (9): 695–702. doi:10.2174/1381612023395376. PMID 11945165.
Cohen AB, Stevens MD, Miller EJ, Atkinson MA, Mullenbach G (August 1992). "Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide-2 by cathepsin G and cathepsin G-treated human platelets". The American Journal of Physiology. 263 (2 Pt 1): L249-56. PMID 1387511.
Sasaki T, Ueno-Matsuda E (December 1992). "Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsins B and G in odontoclasts of human deciduous teeth". Journal of Dental Research. 71 (12): 1881–4. doi:10.1177/00220345920710120501. PMID 1452887.
Maison CM, Villiers CL, Colomb MG (August 1991). "Proteolysis of C3 on U937 cell plasma membranes. Purification of cathepsin G". Journal of Immunology. 147 (3): 921–6. PMID 1861080.
Brandt E, Van Damme J, Flad HD (July 1991). "Neutrophils can generate their activator neutrophil-activating peptide 2 by proteolytic cleavage of platelet-derived connective tissue-activating peptide III". Cytokine. 3 (4): 311–21. doi:10.1016/1043-4666(91)90499-4. PMID 1873479.
Kargi HA, Campbell EJ, Kuhn C (August 1990). "Elastase and cathepsin G of human monocytes: heterogeneity and subcellular localization to peroxidase-positive granules". The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 38 (8): 1179–86. doi:10.1177/38.8.2164060. PMID 2164060.
Pratt CW, Tobin RB, Church FC (April 1990). "Interaction of heparin cofactor II with neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (11): 6092–7. PMID 2318847.
Gabay JE, Scott RW, Campanelli D, Griffith J, Wilde C, Marra MN, Seeger M, Nathan CF (July 1989). "Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (14): 5610–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.14.5610. PMC 297672. PMID 2501794.
Hohn PA, Popescu NC, Hanson RD, Salvesen G, Ley TJ (August 1989). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human cathepsin G gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (23): 13412–9. PMID 2569462.
Livesey SA, Buescher ES, Krannig GL, Harrison DS, Linner JG, Chiovetti R (1989). "Human neutrophil granule heterogeneity: immunolocalization studies using cryofixed, dried and embedded specimens". Scanning Microscopy. Supplement. 3: 231–9, discussion 239–40. PMID 2616953.
Campbell EJ, Silverman EK, Campbell MA (November 1989). "Elastase and cathepsin G of human monocytes. Quantification of cellular content, release in response to stimuli, and heterogeneity in elastase-mediated proteolytic activity". Journal of Immunology. 143 (9): 2961–8. PMID 2681419.
Salvesen G, Farley D, Shuman J, Przybyla A, Reilly C, Travis J (April 1987). "Molecular cloning of human cathepsin G: structural similarity to mast cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte proteinases". Biochemistry. 26 (8): 2289–93. doi:10.1021/bi00382a032. PMID 3304423.
Heck LW, Rostand KS, Hunter FA, Bhown A (October 1986). "Isolation, characterization, and amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of human neutrophil cathepsin G from normal donors". Analytical Biochemistry. 158 (1): 217–27. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(86)90612-3. PMID 3799965.
Crocker J, Jenkins R, Burnett D (May 1985). "Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin G in human tissues". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 9 (5): 338–43. doi:10.1097/00000478-198505000-00003. PMID 3911778.
Klickstein LB, Kaempfer CE, Wintroub BU (December 1982). "The granulocyte-angiotensin system. Angiotensin I-converting activity of cathepsin G". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 257 (24): 15042–6. PMID 6294088.
LaRosa CA, Rohrer MJ, Benoit SE, Barnard MR, Michelson AD (July 1994). "Neutrophil cathepsin G modulates the platelet surface expression of the glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex by proteolysis of the von Willebrand factor binding site on GPIb alpha and by a cytoskeletal-mediated redistribution of the remainder of the complex". Blood. 84 (1): 158–68. PMID 7517206.
Owen CA, Campbell MA, Sannes PL, Boukedes SS, Campbell EJ (November 1995). "Cell surface-bound elastase and cathepsin G on human neutrophils: a novel, non-oxidative mechanism by which neutrophils focus and preserve catalytic activity of serine proteinases". The Journal of Cell Biology. 131 (3): 775–89. doi:10.1083/jcb.131.3.775. PMC 2120617. PMID 7593196.
Savage MJ, Iqbal M, Loh T, Trusko SP, Scott R, Siman R (June 1994). "Cathepsin G: localization in human cerebral cortex and generation of amyloidogenic fragments from the beta-amyloid precursor protein". Neuroscience. 60 (3): 607–19. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90490-1. PMID 7936190.
Grisolano JL, Sclar GM, Ley TJ (September 1994). "Early myeloid cell-specific expression of the human cathepsin G gene in transgenic mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (19): 8989–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.19.8989. PMC 44732. PMID 8090757.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.

[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040314 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid_5303065-4] Janoff A, Scherer J (November 1968). "Mediators of inflammation in leukocyte lysosomes. IX. Elastinolytic activity in granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 128 (5): 1137–55. doi:10.1084/jem.128.5.1137. PMC 2138566. PMID 5303065.

[pmid_3198760-5] Kao RC, Wehner NG, Skubitz KM, Gray BH, Hoidal JR (December 1988). "Proteinase 3. A distinct human polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteinase that produces emphysema in hamsters". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 82 (6): 1963–73. doi:10.1172/JCI113816. PMC 442778. PMID 3198760.

[pmid_399884-6] Baggiolini M, Schnyder J, Bretz U, Dewald B, Ruch W (1979). "Cellular mechanisms of proteinase release from inflammatory cells and the degradation of extracellular proteins". Ciba Foundation Symposium (75): 105–21. PMID 399884.

[pmid_6566611-7] Virca GD, Metz G, Schnebli HP (October 1984). "Similarities between human and rat leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 144 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08423.x. PMID 6566611.

[pmid_17414958-8] Szekanecz Z, Koch AE (May 2007). "Macrophages and their products in rheumatoid arthritis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 19 (3): 289–95. doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e32805e87ae. PMID 17414958.

[pmid_17269686-9] Takei T, Sakai S, Yokonuma T, Ijima H, Kawakami K (Jan–Feb 2007). "Fabrication of artificial endothelialized tubes with predetermined three-dimensional configuration from flexible cell-enclosing alginate fibers". Biotechnology Progress. 23 (1): 182–6. doi:10.1021/bp060152j. PMID 17269686.

[pmid_26467359-10] Liu R, Chen L, Wu W, Chen H, Zhang S (January 2016). "Neutrophil serine proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in coronary artery ectasia patients". Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 16 (1): 23–8. doi:10.5152/akd.2015.6072. PMID 26467359.

[pmid_17030385-11] Komine K, Kuroishi T, Ozawa A, Komine Y, Minami T, Shimauchi H, Sugawara S (March 2007). "Cleaved inflammatory lactoferrin peptides in parotid saliva of periodontitis patients". Molecular Immunology. 44 (7): 1498–508. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.003. PMID 17030385.

[pmid_17322378-12] Shimoda N, Fukazawa N, Nonomura K, Fairchild RL (March 2007). "Cathepsin g is required for sustained inflammation and tissue injury after reperfusion of ischemic kidneys". The American Journal of Pathology. 170 (3): 930–40. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060486. PMC 1864870. PMID 17322378.

[pmid_12223222-13] Kawabata K, Hagio T, Matsuoka S (September 2002). "The role of neutrophil elastase in acute lung injury". European Journal of Pharmacology. 451 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02182-9. PMID 12223222.

[pmid_12682439-14] Moraes TJ, Chow CW, Downey GP (April 2003). "Proteases and lung injury". Critical Care Medicine. 31 (4 Suppl): S189-94. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000057842.90746.1E. PMID 12682439.

[pmid_26185359-15] Twigg MS, Brockbank S, Lowry P, FitzGerald SP, Taggart C, Weldon S (2015). "The Role of Serine Proteases and Antiproteases in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung". Mediators of Inflammation. 2015: 293053. doi:10.1155/2015/293053. PMC 4491392. PMID 26185359.

[kerato-16] Whitelock RB, Fukuchi T, Zhou L, Twining SS, Sugar J, Feder RS, Yue BY (February 1997). "Cathepsin G, acid phosphatase, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor messenger RNA levels in keratoconus corneas". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 38 (2): 529–34. PMID 9040486.

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