ویکی‌پدیا

بحران مرزی ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان

درگیری مرزی

نیروهای نظامی ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان از ۱۲ مه ۲۰۲۱ وارد درگیری مرزی شده‌اند. این درگیری، زمانی آغاز شد که سربازان جمهوری آذربایجان، از چندین کیلومتری ارمنستان در استان‌های سیونیک و گغارکونیک عبور کردند. جمهوری آذربایجان در حال حاضر حداقل ۵۰ کیلومتر مربع از خاک ارمنستان را اشغال کرده است.[۴۲][۴۳][۴۴][۴۵][۴۶] با وجود درخواست پارلمان اروپا، آمریکا، فرانسه و دو نفر از سه رئیس مشترک گروه مینسک و سازمان امنیت و همکاری اروپا، جمهوری آذربایجان، نیروهای خود را از سرزمین‌های به رسمیت شناخته شده بین‌المللی ارمنستان، خارج نکرده است.[۴۷][۴۸] از زمان پایان جنگ دوم قره‌باغ در سال ۲۰۲۰، جمهوری آذربایجان حملات متعددی به ارمنستان انجام داده‌[۴۹] و به‌طور مرتب توافقنامه آتش‌بس را نقض کرده و درگیری‌های فرامرزی با ارمنستان را برانگیخته است.[۵۰][۵۱][۵۲][۵۳]

بحران مرزی ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان
بخشی از درگیری قره‌باغ کوهستانی (تا ۲۰۲۴)

مرز ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان
تاریخ۱۲ مه ۲۰۲۱ – اکنون
(۲ سال، ۱۱ ماه، ۲ هفته و ۶ روز)
موقعیت
مرز ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان
وضعیت در جریان
تغییرات
قلمرو		 جمهوری آذربایجان بخش‌هایی از استان‌های سیونیک و گغارکونیک را در مجاورت مرز ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان اشغال کرد. (۲۱۵ کیلومتر مربع از خاک ارمنستان)[۱][۲][۳][۴][۵][۶][۷][۸]
طرف‌های درگیر
 جمهوری آذربایجان  ارمنستان
فرماندهان و رهبران
تلفات و خسارات

ادعای جمهوری آذربایجان:

ادعای ارمنستان:

۲۲+ غیرنظامی کشته شدند. (گروه بین‌المللی بحران)[۴۱]
نقشه مناطق اشغالی ارمنستان توسط جمهوری آذربایجان (۲۰۲۳)

این یک الگوی مداوم این است که، زمانی که دولت جمهوری آذربایجان از سرعت مذاکرات با ارمنستان ناراضی است، به حملات فرامرزی یا نقض آتش‌بس می‌پردازد.[۵۴][۵۵]

بحران در ژوئیه ۲۰۲۱ با درگیری در مرز ارمنستان - نخجوان و در نوامبر ۲۰۲۱ در منطقه گغارکونیک - کلبجر تشدید شد.[۵۱]

در اوت ۲۰۲۱، نیروهای جمهوری آذربایجان با بستن بزرگراه اصلی شمال به جنوب، جنوب ارمنستان (استان سیونیک) را محاصره کردند، که سبب شد تمامی ترانزیت بین‌المللی با ایران را قطع شود و ارمنستان را مجبور به توسعه جاده‌های جایگزین کرد.[۵۶][۵۷][۵۸][۵۹]

زمینه ویرایش

ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان از زمان تبدیل شدن به کشورهای مستقل پس از فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی در سال ۱۹۹۱ به‌طور رسمی مرزهای مشترک خود را مشخص نکرده‌اند[۶۰][۶۱]

موضوع تعیین مرز بین ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان بلافاصله پس از شکست ارمنستان در جنگ دوم قره‌باغ مطرح شد و جمهوری آذربایجان کنترل سرزمین‌های اشغالی خود را دوباره به دست گرفت. قبل از جنگ ۲۰۲۰، هیچ توافق دوجانبه ای در مورد مرز بین ارمنستان و جمهوری آذربایجان وجود نداشت، به طوری که برخی از روستاهای ارمنی و کارگران کشاورزی وارد جمهوری آذربایجان می‌شدند.[۶۲] در زمان شوروی، تعاملات و تحرکات فرامرزی رایج بود.[۶۳][۶۴][۶۵]

جستارهای وابسته ویرایش

منابع ویرایش

  1. ↑ DePencier, Fin (13 October 2023). "Fears linger in Armenia of Azerbaijani invasion". Eurasianet. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  2. ↑ Toal, Gerard (November 25, 2022). "Perspectives | Suddenly a borderland: The new borderization between Armenia and Azerbaijan". Retrieved 23 May 2023. Some open source estimates put it at a total of 145 square kilometers (56 square miles) whereas others indicate 127 square kilometers (49 square miles).
  3. ↑ Khudoyan, Knar (19 October 2022). "Will Armenia and Azerbaijan reach a peace deal?". Open Democracy. Retrieved 2023-04-22. Azerbaijan has now occupied roughly 50 square kilometres of Armenian territory since the 2020 conflict.
  4. ↑ Stepanian, Ruzanna (2023-04-21). "Armenian Border Area 'Still Occupied By Azeri Troops'". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (به ارمنی). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  5. ↑ Bulghadarian, Naira (2022-10-24). "U.S. Official Visits Armenian-Azeri Border". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (به ارمنی). Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  6. ↑ "Azerbaijan has occupied at least 215 square kilometers of Armenian territory since 2020". Civilnet (به انگلیسی). 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  7. ↑ "International politics: Circumventing Russia: Can the South Caucasus connect the West to the East?". www.freiheit.org (به انگلیسی). 21 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-27. The latest Azerbaijani attack...resulted in...the occupation of some 60 square kilometers of Armenian territory within two days.
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  18. ↑ "Naxçıvanda yenidən atışma oldu, Ordumuzun baş leytenantı yaralandı". Marja.az. 16 July 2021. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
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  20. ↑ "MoD: Two Azerbaijani servicemen wounded on border with Armenia". Azernews. 16 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  21. ↑ "Armenia hands over two Azerbaijani soldiers captured in border with Azerbaijan Armenia hands over two Azerbaijani soldiers captured in border with Azerbaijan". 20 December 2021. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
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  24. ↑ "Three Armenian servicemen killed in ongoing Azerbaijani attacks". Armenpress. 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  25. ↑ "Two Armenian Troops Killed In Latest Shoot-Out Along Azerbaijani Border". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  26. ↑ "Armenian soldier killed by Azeri sniper fire on border – TASS". Reuters. 2021-09-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
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  30. ↑ "Eleven Armenian soldiers injured in a fight with Azerbaijani soldiers". Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  31. ↑ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (23 July 2021). "Three soldiers wounded as Azerbaijan fires at Armenian positions in Gegharkunik". Public Radio of Armenia. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  32. ↑ "Минобороны Армении: "У армянской стороны трое погибших, двое военнослужащих ранены"". Armenpress (به روسی). 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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  41. ↑ "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Visual Explainer". Crisis Group. 2020-10-27. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  42. ↑ "Will Armenia and Azerbaijan reach a peace deal?". openDemocracy (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2023-04-20. Azerbaijan has now occupied roughly 50 square kilometres of Armenian territory since the 2020 conflict.
  43. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (2021-11-17). "As Azerbaijan pushes advantage against Armenia, Russia's role again under scrutiny". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021. While Azerbaijan has claimed that this new round of fighting was set off by Armenian "provocations" along the border, it is a pretext that few take seriously.
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  45. ↑ "European Parliament resolution on prisoners of war in the aftermath of the most recent conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (2021/2693(RSP))" (Press release). European Parliament. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021. On 12 May 2021, troops from Azerbaijan temporarily entered the territory of Armenia, which amounts to a violation of the territorial integrity of Armenia and of international law
  46. ↑ "Macron: Azerbaijani armed forces have crossed into Armenian territory. They must withdraw immediately. I say again to the Armenian people: France stands with you in solidarity and will continue to do so". Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
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  48. ↑ "Macron: Azerbaijani armed forces have crossed into Armenian territory. They must withdraw immediately. I say again to the Armenian people: France stands with you in solidarity and will continue to do so". Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  49. ↑ Isayev, Heydar (May 16, 2023). "Armenian and Azerbaijani leaders meet for the fifth time in Brussels". Eurasianet.
  50. ↑ POSTON, ALEXIS (2023-06-07). "State Fragility and the Shadow of Genocide in Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia (the South Caucasus) | The Fund for Peace". fundforpeace.org. Retrieved 2023-06-08. Since the end of the Second Nagorno Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has regularly violated the ceasefire agreement, provoking firefights with Armenia along the border.
  51. ↑ ۵۱٫۰ ۵۱٫۱ "Joint statement on the escalation on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict | Communiqués | Documents | DSCA | Delegations | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  52. ↑ "Russia once again alleges ceasefire violation by Azerbaijan". KarabakhSpace.eu (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2023-06-02. This is now the second time ever that Moscow has accused Azerbaijan of violating the ceasefire, after it called out Baku for its actions on 26 March.
  53. ↑ Chair of the Delegation for relations with the South Caucasus, MEP Marina Kaljurand, the European Parliament's Standing Rapporteur on Armenia, MEP Andrey Kovatchev, and the European Parliament's Standing Rapporteur on Azerbaijan, MEP Željana Zovko (17 November 2021). "Statement on the escalation on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.{{cite web}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
  54. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (Jul 23, 2021). "Cross-border shooting escalates as Azerbaijan seeks formal agreement with Armenia". Eurasianet. It has been a long-established pattern that some kind of fighting breaks out and demands the world's attention precisely when Baku is unhappy with the pace of negotiations with Armenia to resolve the conflict.
  55. ↑ "Reassessing the Risk of an Escalation in Nagorno-Karabakh | RANE". Stratfor. Archived from the original on 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2023-06-15. So long as talks appear stalled, Azerbaijan will likely turn to small-scale violations of the cease-fire to seize tactically advantageous areas in Nagorno-Karabakh, or similar actions along the Armenia-Azerbaijan border. Baku has used this strategy on multiple occasions since the cease-fire was signed in November 2020 to force diplomatic progress by simultaneously demonstrating and increasing its leverage.
  56. ↑ Ghazaryan, Karine (Aug 26, 2021). "Azerbaijani forces block key road through southern Armenia". Eurasianet.
  57. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (Aug 27, 2021). "Azerbaijan's blockade of southern Armenia continues". Eurasianet.
  58. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (Nov 15, 2021). "Tension again spikes between Armenia and Azerbaijan". Eurasianet.
  59. ↑ "Armenia's new road projects: no simple endeavour". intellinews.com (به انگلیسی). 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
  60. ↑ "Soviet-era enclaves at the heart of Armenian-Azerbaijani border crisis". CIVILNET (به انگلیسی). 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  61. ↑ McGlynn, Evangeline (Mar 15, 2021). "Perspectives | On the Armenia-Azerbaijan border, the map is not the territory". Eurasianet.
  62. ↑ "Пашинян заявил о решимости разобраться с Карабахом". Московский Комсомолец. 20 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021. ...on May 12, Azerbaijani troops entered the Lake Sev region in the Syunik region of Armenia. In total, about 600 enemy soldiers turned out to be on the territory of the republic.
  63. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (Jul 2, 2021). "In southern Armenia, warily sizing up the new neighbors". Eurasianet. For the Armenians who live in the border regions, the effects have been manifold. They have lost access to farmland or pastures they used to use; many have sold, slaughtered, or relocated livestock as a result. Some human residents have moved away, as well, fearing for the future here.
  64. ↑ Toal, Gerard; Seferian, Nareg (Nov 25, 2022). "Suddenly a borderland: The new borderization between Armenia and Azerbaijan". Eurasianet. ...many older residents of Syunik from the generation socialized in Soviet times have active and even pleasant memories of Azerbaijani friends and colleagues.
  65. ↑ Բադալյան, Սուսան (2022-03-15). "Ադրբեջանցիները "վրաններ են խփել Սյունիքի Ներքին Հանդ գյուղի տարածքում". ըստ ՊՆ-ի' ՀՀ ինքնիշխան տարածք չեն մտել". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (به ارمنی). Retrieved 2023-06-06. ...in the Soviet years it was not clear through which part of the forest the Armenian-Azerbaijani border passes. 'At that time, during the Soviet years, none of the adults knew the border. We knew roughly that this was a forest. We entered, but we didn't know 10-20 meters. Is it their territory that we take out wood from, or is it our territory?' ...The friendship between Inner Hand and the neighboring Azerbaijani Kyollu Razdara is in the past, now the residents of Inner Hand are anxiously following the movement of the Azerbaijanis approaching the village.
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