فارس بن حاتم بن ماهویه قزوینی

فارس بن حاتم بن ماهویه قزوینی در ابتدا از وکلای هادی امام دهم شیعیان بود.^[۱] این وکلا مسئولیت امور مالی و دینی جامعه شیعه را بر عهده داشتند^[۲] به ویژه اخذ مالیات‌های شرعی مانند خمس.^[۳] این نمایندگان با پیروی از همان اصول سکوت سیاسی که امامان شیعه به آن پایبند بودند، نقش هدایت و سازماندهی جامعه شیعه را بر عهده گرفتند.^[۴] فارس واسطه پیروان هادی در جبال بود که بخش‌های مرکزی و غربی ایران امروزی را در بر می‌گرفت.^[۵]^[۶]

فارس در حدود سال ۸۶۲ با نماینده دیگری به نام علی بن جعفر همانی درگیر شد و در نتیجه توسط هادی از دریافت خمس از طرف او منع شد. اما به به این کار ادامه داد بدون اینکه آنها را به هادی بفرستد.^[۷] هادی فارس را در ۸۶۴ به دلیل اختلاس حقوق دینی تکفیر کرد.^[۸]^[۹]^[۱۰] بعدها که فارس به تحریک آشکار علیه هادی ادامه داد، هادی خواستار مرگ او شد.^[۱۱] فارس در زمان امامت حسن عسکری کشته شد.^[۱۲]

منابع ویرایش

↑ Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. p. 71. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.
↑ Baghestani, Esmail (2014). "Jawad, Imam". Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (به فارسی). Vol. 11. Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. ISBN 978-9644470127.
↑ Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 221.
↑ Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein (1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdī in Twelver Shīʻism. State University of New York Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-87395-442-6.
↑ Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 225-226.
↑ Arjomand, Said Amir (1996). "The Crisis of the Imamate and the Institution of Occultation in Twelver Shiism: A Sociohistorical Perspective". Jstor. 28 (4): 491–515.
↑ Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.
↑ Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.
↑ Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 225.
↑ al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef (2012). The Life of Imam ‘Ali al-Hadi, Study and Analysis. p. 304.
↑ Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.
↑ Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

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[1] Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. p. 71. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

[2] Baghestani, Esmail (2014). "Jawad, Imam". Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (به فارسی). Vol. 11. Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. ISBN 978-9644470127.

[3] Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 221.

[4] Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein (1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdī in Twelver Shīʻism. State University of New York Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-87395-442-6.

[5] Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 225-226.

[6] Arjomand, Said Amir (1996). "The Crisis of the Imamate and the Institution of Occultation in Twelver Shiism: A Sociohistorical Perspective". Jstor. 28 (4): 491–515.

[7] Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

[8] Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

[9] Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. p. 225.

[10] -Qurashi, Baqir Shareef (2012). The Life of Imam ‘Ali al-Hadi, Study and Analysis. p. 304.

[11] Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

[12] Modarressi, Hossein (1993). Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'Far Ibn Qiba Al-Razi and His Contribution to Imamite Shi'Ite Thought. Darwin Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-87850-095-2.

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