مردمان هزاره: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

=== ویژگی‌های ژنتیکی ===

از نگاه [[ژنتیکی]] هزاره‌های افغانستان نزدیک به [[ازبک‌ها]]ی آن کشور هستند، در حالی‌که هردو گروه تفاوت‌های چشمگیری با [[تاجیک‌ها]] و [[پشتون‌ها]]ی افغانستان دارند.<ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite journal|pmc=3314501 |title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events |pmid=22470552 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |volume=7 |issue=3 |year=2012 |pages=e34288 |journal=PLOS ONE | last1 = Haber | first1 = M | last2 = Platt | first2 = DE | last3 = Ashrafian Bonab | first3 = M | display-authors = etal|bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H |doi-access=free}}</ref> هزاره‌ها به‌طور کلی قرابت‌های ژنتیکی بالایی را با جمعیت‌های [[مردمان ترک|ترک‌زبان]] [[آسیای مرکزی]] و [[آسیای شرقی]] نشان می‌دهند.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martínez-Cruz|first1=Begoña|last2=Vitalis|first2=Renaud|last3=Ségurel|first3=Laure|last4=Austerlitz|first4=Frédéric|last5=Georges|first5=Myriam|last6=Théry|first6=Sylvain|last7=Quintana-Murci|first7=Lluis|last8=Hegay|first8=Tatyana|last9=Aldashev|first9=Almaz|date=2011|title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=19|issue=2|pages=216–223|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153|issn=1476-5438|pmc=3025785|pmid=20823912|quote=Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.|last10=Nasyrova|first10=Firuza|last11=Heyer|first11=Evelyne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Pengyu|last2=Adnan|first2=Atif|last3=Rakha|first3=Allah|last4=Wang|first4=Mengge|last5=Zou|first5=Xing|last6=Mo|first6=Xiaodan|last7=He|first7=Guanglin|date=2019-08-18|title=Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483|journal=Annals of Human Biology|language=en|volume=46|issue=6|pages=514–518|doi=10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483|issn=0301-4460|pmid=31559868|quote=Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.|s2cid=203569169}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xu|first1=Shuhua|last2=Wang|first2=Sijia|last3=Tang|first3=Kun|last4=Guan|first4=Yaqun|last5=Khan|first5=Asifullah|last6=Li|first6=Jing|last7=Zhang|first7=Xi|last8=Wang|first8=Xiaoji|last9=Tian|first9=Lei|date=2017-10-01|title=Genetic History of Xinjiang's Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=34|issue=10|pages=2572–2582|doi=10.1093/molbev/msx177|issn=0737-4038|pmid=28595347|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Babur |first=Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173 |title=Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |language=en}}</ref> برخی شواهد ژنتیکی منشأ هزاره‌ها را آسیای مرکزی و همسان با [[مردم ترک|ترک‌های]] آن می‌داند.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martínez-Cruz|first1=Begoña|last2=Vitalis|first2=Renaud|last3=Ségurel|first3=Laure|last4=Austerlitz|first4=Frédéric|last5=Georges|first5=Myriam|last6=Théry|first6=Sylvain|last7=Quintana-Murci|first7=Lluis|last8=Hegay|first8=Tatyana|last9=Aldashev|first9=Almaz|date=2011|title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=19|issue=2|pages=216–223|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153|issn=1476-5438|pmc=3025785|pmid=20823912|quote=Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.|last10=Nasyrova|first10=Firuza|last11=Heyer|first11=Evelyne}}</ref> شواهد ژنتیکی دیگر از منشأ [[مردم مغول|مغولی]] آنها حمایت می‌کند،<ref>{{یادکرد وب|عنوان=Hazara {{!}} Definition, Culture, History, & Population {{!}} Britannica|نشانی=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hazara|وبگاه=www.britannica.com|تاریخ=2024-03-09|بازبینی=2024-04-04|کد زبان=en}}</ref> در حالی‌که شواهد ژنتیکی جدیدتر نشان می‌دهد که هزاره‌ها بیشتر به اقوام ترک‌زبان [[آسیای میانه]] نزدیک هستند تا به [[مردم مغول|مغول‌ها]] و [[شرق آسیا|آسیای شرقی‌ها]] یا [[هندوایرانی‌ها]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martínez-Cruz|first1=Begoña|last2=Vitalis|first2=Renaud|last3=Ségurel|first3=Laure|last4=Austerlitz|first4=Frédéric|last5=Georges|first5=Myriam|last6=Théry|first6=Sylvain|last7=Quintana-Murci|first7=Lluis|last8=Hegay|first8=Tatyana|last9=Aldashev|first9=Almaz|date=2011|title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=19|issue=2|pages=216–223|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153|issn=1476-5438|pmc=3025785|pmid=20823912|last10=Nasyrova|first10=Firuza|last11=Heyer|first11=Evelyne}}</ref>

 

== زبان ==