الکترون ظرفیت: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

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Xqbot (بحث | مشارکت‌ها)
جز ربات افزودن: en:Valence electron
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش
خط ۱:
{{در دست ویرایش ۲|ماه=فوریه|روز=۱۰|سال=۲۰۰۹|چند = 2}}
در علم, '''ظرفیت الکترون'''{{انگلیسی|valence electrons}} یا والانس تعداد الکترون‌هایی است که یک اتم باید دریافت کند یا از دست بدهد تا به حال پایدار برسد. مقدار والانس برای هر عنصر مشخص و ثابت است ولی می‌تواند چند مقدار را قبول کند.
In science, '''valence electrons''' are the [[electron]]s contained in the outermost, or ''valence'', [[electron shell]] of an [[atom]]. Valence electrons are important in determining how an [[chemical element|element]] reacts chemically with other elements: The fewer valence electrons an atom holds, the less [[reactivity|stable]] it becomes and the more likely it is to [[chemical reaction|react]]. The reverse is also true, the more full/complete the valence shell is with valence electrons, the more [[inert#Chemistry|inert]] an atom is and the less likely it is to chemically react with other chemical elements or with chemical elements of its own type. The reason is that it takes more transfer of energy ([[photons]]) to lose or gain an electron from or into a shell when that shell is more completely filled. Valence electrons are contained at the outermost part of an atom.
== ظرفیت برخی عناصر ==
 
Valence electrons have the ability, like electrons in inner shells, to absorb or release energy (photons). This gain or loss of energy can trigger an electron to move/jump to another shell or even break free from the atom and its valence shell.
When an electron absorbs/gains more energy (photons), then it moves to a more outer shell depending on the amount of energy the electron contains and has gained due to the absorption of 1 or more photons. (See also : electrons in an [[Excited#Atomic_excitation|excited state]]).
 
When an electron releases/loses energy(photons), then it moves to a more inner shell depending on the amount of energy the electron contains and has lost due to the release of 1 or more photons.
 
== The number of valence electrons ==
 
{| align="right" class="wikitable"
|-sup
! bgcolor=gray | Valence Electronsظرفیت
|-
| align="center" | [[Imageپرونده:Atom.svg|align center|Heliumاتم atomهلیوم (notمقیاس toدرست scaleنیست)]]
|-
| align="center" | '''Heliumمدل atomاتمی modelهلیوم'''<br>Thisدر این تصویر عنصر [[heliumهلیوم]] (He)نشان modelداده displays two valence electronsشده‌است<br>located in its outermost energy level. <br>Heliumهلیوم isاز a member of theاعضای [[nobleگازهای gasesنجیب]] andاست و تشکیل شده از contains<br>twoدو [[proton]]s,پروتون،نوترون [[neutron]]s,و and [[electron]]s.الکترون
|}
The number of valence electrons of an element is determined by its [[periodic table group]] (vertical column) in which the element is categorized. With the exception of groups 3&ndash;12 ([[transition metal]]s), the number within the unit's place identifies how many valence electrons are contained within the elements listed under that particular column.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[گروه (جدول تناوبی)]]||ظرفیت
![[Periodic table group]]||Valence electrons
|-
| Groupگروه 1۱ (I)فلزات ([[alkali metal]]sقلیایی) || 1
|-
| گروه ۲ فلزات قلیایی خاکی || 2
| Group 2 (II) ([[alkaline earth metal]]s) || 2
|-
| Groupsگروه 3۳-12۱۲ ([[transitionفلزات metal]]sواسطه) || #*
|-
| Groupگروه 13۱۳ (III)گروه ([[boron group]]بور) || 3
|-
| Groupگروه 14۱۴ (IV)گروه ([[carbon group]]کربن) || 4
|-
| Groupگروه 15۱۵ (V)گروه ([[nitrogen group]]نیتروژن) || 5
|-
| Groupگروه 16 (VI)۱۶ ([[chalcogen]]s) || 6
|-
|گروه ۱۷ (هالوژن‌ها) || 7
| Group 17 (VII) ([[halogen]]s) || 7
|-
| Groupگروه 18۱۸ (VIIIگازهای or 0) ([[noble gases]]نجیب) || 8**
|}
 
== Referencesمنابع ==
# Francis, Eden. [http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-06/valence_electrons.htm Valence Electrons].
 
[[رده:الکترون]]
[[Category:Chemical bonding]]
[[رده:ترکیب شیمیایی]]
[[Category:Electron]]
 
[[af:Valenselektrone]]