ویکی‌پدیا

پیش‌نویس:پوگروم استانبول

پوگروم استانبول
بخشی از late Ottoman genocides
پرونده:Istanbul Pogrom 1955.jpg
Turkish mob attacking Greek property
موقعیتاستانبول، ترکیه
تاریخ۶–۷ سپتامبر ۱۹۵۵
هدفPrivate property, Orthodox churches and cemeteries of the Greek population of the city
گونه حمله
پوگروم
کشته‌هاExact number is unknown, estimates vary from 13 to 37 or more[۱][۲]
زخمی‌هابیش از ۱٬۰۰۰ زخمی،[۲] approximately 200–400 یونانی‌ها women and boys raped[۲][۳]
مرتکبانTactical Mobilisation Group (نیروهای ویژه), Democrat Party,[۴] National Security Service,[۵] Turkish Cyprus Association

منابع

ویرایش
  1. ↑ Λιμπιτσιούνη, Ανθή Γ. "Το πλέγμα των ελληνοτουρκικών σχέσεων και η ελληνική μειονότητα στην Τουρκία, οι Έλληνες της Κωνσταντινούπολης της Ίμβρου και της Τενέδου" (PDF). دانشگاه ارسطو. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  2. ↑ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ ۲٫۲ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام zayas وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
  3. ↑ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Politico وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
  4. ↑ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Vryonis2005 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
  5. ↑ محمدعلی بیراند. "The shame of Sept. 6–7 is always with us," خبرگزاری حریت, 7 September 2005.

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

  1. ↑ de Zayas, Alfred (August 2007). "The Istanbul Pogrom of 6–7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law". Genocide Studies and Prevention. 2 (2): 137–154. ISSN 1911-0359. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2015. The Septemvriana satisfies the criteria of article 2 of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNCG) because the ‘‘intent to destroy in whole or in part’’ the Greek minority in Istanbul was demonstrably present, the pogrom having been orchestrated by the government of Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Even if the number of deaths (estimated at thirty-seven) among members of the Greek community was relatively low, the result of the pogrom was the flight and emigration of the Greek minority of Istanbul, which once numbered some 100,000 and was subsequently reduced to a few thousand. The vast destruction of Greek property, businesses, and churches provides evidence of the Turkish authorities’ intent to terrorize the Greeks in Istanbul into abandoning the territory, thus eliminating the Greek minority. This practice falls within the ambit of the crime of ‘‘ethnic cleansing,’’ which the UN General Assembly and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia have interpreted as constituting a form of genocide... Besides the deaths, thousands were injured; some 200 Greek women were raped, and there are reports that Greek boys were raped as well. Many Greek men, including at least one priest, were subjected to forced circumcision. The riots were accompanied by enormous material damage, estimated by Greek authorities at US$500 million, including the burning of churches and the devastation of shops and private homes. As a result of the pogrom, the Greek minority eventually emigrated from Turkey.
  2. ↑ Erdemir, Aykan (7 September 2016). "The Turkish Kristallnacht". Politico Europe. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  3. ↑ Speros Vryonis (2005). The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul. greekworks.com. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-9747660-3-4. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2016. That night, many men, shouting and screaming, were Islamized forcefully by the cruel knife. Among those circumcised, there was also a priest.
برگرفته از «https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=پیش‌نویس:پوگروم_استانبول&oldid=39747297»