جنگ جریانها
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در عصر جنگ جریانها در اواخر دهه ۱۸۸۰ جرج وستینگهاوس و توماس ادیسون با هم دشمن شدند. به خاطر توفیق ادیسون در استفاده از جریان مستقیم برای توزیع توان الکتریکی به جریان متناوب که از سوی چندین شرکت اروپایی حمایت میشد. وستینگهاوس الکتریک در پیتسبورگ، پنسیلوانیا واقع شده بود.[۱] جنگ جریانها از دیدگاه برخی مورخان علمی از بزرگترین جنگهای طول تاریخ علم محسوب میشود که در یک جبههٔ آن نیکولا تسلا و جریان متناوب (AC) و در جبههٔ دیگر توماس ادیسون و جریان مستقیم (DC) قرار داشت. برای تصمیمگیری دربارهٔ اینکه تکنولوژی در آینده باید از کدام یک از این جریانها استفاده کنند، اجلاسی برگزار شد که جنگ جریانها نام گرفت و توماس ادیسون با وجود قدرت رسانهای و مالی که در اختیار داشت، در این نبرد شکست خورد و مخترع بزرگ صربستانی ، یعنی نیکولا تسلا به این دلیل که جریان AC برخلاف جریان مستقیم قابلیت تبدیل ولتاژ داشت و همچنین دلایل اقتصادی دیگر پیروز این میدان شد …
سابقه
ویرایشدر طول اولین سالهای توزیع برق جریان مستقیم ادیسون استاندارد آمریکا بود. جریان مستقیم به خوبی با لامپهای رشتهای، که بار اصلی شبکه برق آن روزها بود، و موتورها کار میکرد. سیستم جریان مستقیم میتوانست بهطور مستقیم توسط باتریها ذخیره شود که به هنگام وقفه مولد منبع با ارزشی بودند. مولدهای جریان مستقیم به راحتی میتوانستند موازی شوند. ادیسون دستگاهی برای اندازهگیری میزان مصرف مصرفکنندگان و پرداخت قبض ساخته بود که فقط برای جریان DC کار میکرد. در سیستم جریان DC استفاده از موتور AC تعریف نشده بود. بازده تبدیل از اولیه ترانسفورماتور هستهای دو قطبی باز بسیار کم بود. سیستمهای AC اولیه از سیستم توزیع توان با اتصال سری استفاده میکردند که نقص ذاتی داشت و خاموشی یک چراغ منجر به خاموشی دیگر اتصالات در آن مدار میشد؛ که سیستم DC این مشکلات را نداشت.[۲][۳]
جستارهای وابسته
ویرایشمنابع
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پیوند به بیرون
ویرایش- Thomas Edison Hates Cats - AC vs DC an online video mini-history.
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