زنبور عسل اروپایی: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها
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Alborzagros (بحث | مشارکتها) بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش |
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خط ۱:
{{جعبه اطلاعات آرایه زیستی
| name = Western honey bee
| image = Apis mellifera Tanzania.jpg
| image_caption = Honey bee foraging on [[نخل روغنی]] flowers
| regnum = [[جانوران]]
| phylum = [[بندپایان]]
| classis = [[حشرات]]
| ordo = [[پرده‌بالان]]
| familia = [[Apidae]]
| genus = ''[[زنبور عسل]]''
| species = '''''A. mellifera'''''
| binomial = ''Apis mellifera''
| binomial_authority = [[کارل لینه]], 1758
|synonyms =
''Apis mellifica'' <small>Linnaeus, 1761</small>
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision =
'''North-west of [[اروپا]]'''
* ''[[Apis mellifera iberica|A. m. iberica]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera intermissa|A. m. intermissa]]''
* ''[[European dark bee|A. m. lihzeni]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera mellifera|A. m. mellifera]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera sahariensis|A. m. sahariensis]]''
'''South-west of Europe'''
* ''[[Apis mellifera carnica|A. m. carnica]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera cecropia|A. m. cecropia]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera ligustica|A. m. ligustica]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera macedonica|A. m. macedonica]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera ruttneri|A.m. ruttneri]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera sicula|A. m. sicula]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera madaros|A. m. madaros]]''
'''[[خاورمیانه]]'''
* ''[[Apis mellifera adamii|A. m. adamii]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera anatoliaca|A. m. anatoliaca]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera armeniaca|A. m. armeniaca]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera caucasica|A. m. caucasica]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera cypria|A. m. cypria]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera meda|A. m. meda]]''
'''[[آفریقا]]'''
* ''[[Apis mellifera adansonii|A. m. adansonii]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera capensis|A. m. capensis]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera intermissa|A. m. intermissa]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera lamarckii|A. m. lamarckii]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera litorea|A. m. litorea]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera major|A. m. major]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera monticola|A. m. monticola]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera sahariensis|A. m. sahariensis]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera scutellata|A. m. scutellata]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera unicolor|A. m. unicolor]]''
* ''[[Apis mellifera jemenitica|A. m. jemenitica]]''
}}
== See also ==
*[[زنبور درمانی]]
*[[زنبور]]
== پانویس==
{{پانویس}}
{{انبار-رده|Apis mellifera}}
* [http://www.beediseases.host-ed.me Beediseases] Honey bee diseases website by Dr. Guido Cordoni.
*[http://www.livescience.com/animalworld/060110_bee_fight.html Flight of Honey Bee finally understood]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20071016183114/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/3294/pheromo.htm Honey Bee Pheromones]
*[http://www.cornwallhoney.co.uk/bees.htm Cornwall Honey Beepedia]
*[http://www.beesource.com BeeSource]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/bees_honey.htm Honey Bee ''Apis mellifera'' diagnostic pictures, descriptions, natural history]
*[http://perso.fundp.ac.be/~jvandyck/homage/books/FrAdam/breeding/partIII85en.html Brother Adams On-line book]
*[http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0083e/X0083E06.htm Beekeeping explained] by the [[فائو]]
*[http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/006/y5110e/y5110e0b.htm Types of hives by FAO]
*[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/alienempire/multimedia/hive.html Interactive 3D flash presentation of Honey beehive] from PBS
*[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000475FC-9CB6-1C5E-B882809EC588ED9F Brainy Bees Think Abstractly]
*[http://www.culturaapicola.com.ar/wiki/index.php/Libros_de_apicultura Digital library of Beekeeping]
*[http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0104e/T0104E06.htm#Chapter%203%20Anatomy%20of%20the%20honeybee Anatomy of the honeybee] by the FAO
*[http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/apido/pdf/2003/04/M3412.pdf ''Apis mellifera pomonella'', a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia; Apidologie 34 (2003) 367-375; Sheppard and Meixner]
*[http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/Social_InsectsLab/BensPDFs/Clarke_et_al_Mol_Ecol_2001.pdf Origin of honeybees from the Yucatan peninsula inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis; Molecular Ecology (2001)10, 1347-1355]
*[http://www.tumbledownfarm.com/drupal/Cyclopedia_of_American_Agriculture/Animals/III_NA_Farm_Animals/Bees Cyclopedia of American Agriculture] ed. by L. H. Bailey (1911), Vol. III—Animals, "Bees," including a history of the literature related to European honey bees in the United States.
* [http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/BEES/euro_honey_bee.htm ''Apis mellifera''] on the [[دانشگاه فلوریدا]] / [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] Featured Creatures website.
===کتابشناسی===
{{Refbegin}}
* A. I. Root's The ABC and XYZ of Beekeeping
* [http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/apido/abs/2000/02/m0201/m0201.html Molecular confirmation of a fourth lineage in honeybees from the Near East] Apidologie 31 (2000) 167-180, accessed Oct 2005
*Biesmeijer, Jacobus. "The Occurrence and Context of the Shaking Signal in Honey Bees (''Apis mellifera'') Exploiting Natural Food Sources". ''[[کردارشناسی]]''. 2003.
*Collet, T., Ferreira, K.M., Arias, M.C., Soares, A.E.E. and Del Lama, M.A. (2006). Genetic structure of Africanized honeybee populations (''Apis mellifera'' L.) from Brazil and Uruguay viewed through mitochondrial DNA COI–COII patterns. ''Heredity'' '''97''', 329–335.
{{TaxonIds |wikispecies=Apis mellifera |eol=1045608 |itis=154396 |ncbi=7460}}
{{زنبور عسل}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Western Honey Bee}}
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