غرامت: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

در موارد [[بیمه]] شامل زیان و خسارتی است، که به خود [[کارگزار بیمه|بیمه‌گذار]]، به علت وقوع خطر وارد می‌شود و بیمه‌گر با دریافت حق بیمه، متعهد پرداخت آن گردیده‌است.<ref>Harvey Rubin, Dictionary of Insurance Terms, 4th Ed. Baron's Educational Series, 2000</ref><ref>[http://www.propertycasualty360.com/2007/01/09/cfa-attacks-insurers-for-overcharging , Arthur D. Postal, " CFA Attacks Insurers For ‘Overcharging’", National Underwriter, Jan 8, 2007]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/glossaries/loss-ratio/4946945-1.html|title=Loss Ratio definition|accessdate=2010-03-23}}</ref><ref>[http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/16/4/176.pdf James C. Robinson, "Use And Abuse Of The Medical Loss Ratio To Measure Health Plan Performance", Health Affairs, vol 16, No. 4, pp 176 - 187, 1997]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.minnpost.com/dc-dispatches/2010/07/franken-warns-against-weakening-law-health-care-spending|title=Franken warns against weakening law on health-care spending|date=22 July 2010|first=Lauren|last=Knobbe|publisher=Minn Post|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref><ref>(1704) 1 Salk 27.</ref> In that case, concerned with a guarantee of payment for goods rather than payment of rent, the presiding judge explained that a guarantee effectively says "Let him have the goods; if he does not pay you, I will." <ref>See also: ''Mountstephan v Lakeman (1871) LR 7 QB 196.</ref><ref>(1900) 82 LT 49</ref><ref>Furmston, M, ''Law of Contract'', ed11 (2001).</ref><ref>Adjusting Today [http://adjustersinternational.com/adjustingtoday/?start=3&page_no=3&pdfID=37 The Extended Period of Indemnity Endorsement]</ref><ref>{{cite speech |title=Abraham Lincoln's Second Annual Message of 1862|first=Abraham|last=Lincoln|authorlink=Abraham Lincoln|event=Presidential speech|date=December 1, 1862|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29503#axzz1pzerHqlo|archivedate=March 3, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66OKu6j1R}}</ref><ref>http://newleftreview.org/II/27/peter-hallward-option-zero-in-haiti</ref>