جنگ استقلال ترکیه: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

محتوای حذف‌شده محتوای افزوده‌شده
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش
برچسب‌ها: ویرایشگر دیداری ویرایش همراه ویرایش از وبگاه همراه
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش
برچسب‌ها: ویرایشگر دیداری ویرایش همراه ویرایش از وبگاه همراه
خط ۱۲:
* تاسیس [[ترکیه]]
* شروع مجموعه‌ای از اصلاحات توسط آتاتورک
|combatant1=جنبش ملی ترکیه
|combatant1={{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[Turkish National Movement]]
* [[دولت ملی مجلس بزرگ]] <small>(afterبعد 1920از ۱۹۲۰)</small>
** [[نیروی زمینی ترکیه]]
* [[Kuva-yi Milliye]]{{Ref label|aaa|a}} <small>(untilتا 1920۱۹۲۰)</small>
'''پشتیبانی توسط:'''{{سخ}}جمهوری فدراتیو سوسیالیستی روسیه شوروی
'''Supported by:'''{{سخ}}{{flag|Soviet Russia}}
|combatant2={{flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece}}{{سخ}}{{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}{{Ref label|bbb|b}}{{سخ}}{{flagcountry|Democratic Republic of Armenia}} <small>(in 1920)</small>{{سخ}}{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}{{Ref label|ccc|c}}
----
خط ۲۷:
|commander1={{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[مصطفی کمال آتاترک]]{{سخ}}{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[فوزی پاشا]]{{سخ}}{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[عصمت اینونو]]{{سخ}}{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[کاظم قره‌بکر]]{{سخ}}{{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[Ali Fuat Cebesoy|Ali Fuat Pasha (later Cebesoy)]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[Anastasios Papoulas]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[Georgios Hatzianestis]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[Leonidas Paraskevopoulos]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|French Third Republic}} [[هانری گورو]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Armenia}} [[دراستامات کانایان]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Armenia}} [[مؤسس سیلیکیان]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[George Milne, 1st Baron Milne|George Milne]]{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1823}} [[Süleyman Şefik Pasha]]
|strength1={{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} May 1919: 35,000۳۵۰۰۰{{سخ}}November 1920: 86,000۸۶۰۰۰ <small>(creation of [[regular army]])</small>{{سخ}}August 1922: 271,000۲۷۱٬۰۰۰ {{refn|In August 1922 the [[نیروهای مسلح ترکیه]] formed 23 [[پیاده‌نظام]] [[لشکر]] and 6 [[سواره‌نظام]] [[لشکر]]. Equivalent to 24 infantry divisions and 7 cavalry divisions, if the additional 3 infantry [[هنگ]]s, 5 undersized border [[هنگ]]s, 1 cavalry [[تیپ]] and 3 cavalry regiments are included (271,403 men total). The troops were distributed in [[آناتولی]] as follows: [[جنگ ارمنستان–ترکیه]]: 2 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry division, [[ارزروم]] و [[قارص]] fortified areas and 5 border regiments (29,514 men); El-Cezire front (southeastern [[آناتولی]], eastern region of the river [[فرات]]): 1 infantry division and 2 cavalry regiments (10,447 men); [[Central Army (Turkey)|Central Army]] area: 1 infantry division and 1 cavalry brigade (10,000 men); [[آدانا]] command: 2 [[گردان]] (500 men); [[غازی عینتاب]] area: 1 infantry regiment and 1 cavalry regiment (1,000 men); Interior region units and institutions: 12,000 men; [[جنگ یونان و ترکیه (۱۹۲۲–۱۹۱۹)]]: 18 infantry divisions and 5 cavalry divisions, if the independent brigade and regiments are included, 19 infantry divisions and 5.5 cavalry divisions (207,942 men).|group=note}}
|strength2={{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} 80,000۸۰٬۰۰۰ (Dec. 1919){{سخ}}1922: 200,000۲۰۰٬۰۰۰ -250,000۲۵۰٬۰۰۰{{سخ}}{{flagicon|French Third Republic}} 60,000۶۰٬۰۰۰ {{سخ}}{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Armenia}} 20,000۲۰٬۰۰۰ {{سخ}}{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} 30,000۳۰٬۰۰۰ {{سخ}}{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1823}} 7,000۷٬۰۰۰ <small>(at peak)</small>
|casualties1={{flagdeco|Ottoman Empire|1823}} 13,000 killed{{سخ}}22,690 died of disease{{سخ}}5,362 died of wounds or other non-combat causes{{Ref label|fff|f}}
|casualties2={{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} 24,240 killed{{سخ}}18,095 missing{{سخ}}48,880 wounded{{سخ}}4,878 died outside of combat{{سخ}}13,740 prisoners{{refn|According to some Turkish estimates the casualties were at least 120,000-130,000. [[جهان غرب]] sources give 100,000 killed and wounded, with a total sum of 200,000 casualties, taking into account that 100,000 casualties were solely suffered in [[حمله بزرگ]]. Material losses, during the war, were enormous too.|group=note}}{{سخ}}{{flagicon|French Third Republic}} ~7,000{{سخ}}{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Armenia}} 1,100+ killed{{سخ}}3,000+ prisoners
|casualties3=264,000۲۶۴٬۰۰۰ Greekغیر civiliansنظامی killedیونانی کشته شدند{{سخ}}60,000۶۰٬۰۰۰-250,000۲۵۰٬۰۰۰ غیرنظامی Armenianارمنی civiliansکشته killedشدند<ref name="Dad360-361">
These are according to the figures provided by [[آلکساندر میاسنیکیان]], the President of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Armenia, in a telegram he sent to the Soviet Foreign Minister [[گئورگی چیچرین]] in 1921. Miasnikyan's figures were broken down as follows: of the approximately 60,000 Armenians who were killed by the Turkish armies, 30,000 were men, 15,000 women, 5,000 children, and 10,000 young girls. Of the 38,000 who were wounded, 20,000 were men, 10,000 women, 5,000 young girls, and 3,000 children. Instances of mass rape, murder and violence were also reported against the Armenian populace of Kars and Alexandropol: see [[واهاگن دردریان]]. (2003). ''The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus''. New York: Berghahn Books, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCVJMAVoMM0C&pg=PA360&dq=%22total+number+killed+by+the+Turks+reached+60,000,+of+which+30,000+were+men,+15,000+women,%22&hl=en&ei=qjUoTt6wBIH2swPVs7WFCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22total%20number%20killed%20by%20the%20Turks%20reached%2060,000,%20of%20which%2030,000%20were%20men,%2015,000%20women,%22&f=false pp. 360–361]. {{ISBN|1-57181-666-6}}.</ref>{{سخ}}15,000۱۵٬۰۰۰ + Turkishغیر نظامی civiliansترکیه‌ای killedدر inجبهه theغرب westernکشته frontشدند
|notes={{hidden begin|title=جنگ استقلال ترکیه
* {{note|aaa}}a. Kuva-yi Milliye came under command of the [[دولت ملی مجلس بزرگ]] after 4 September 1920.