| قانونها |
- قانون آلن Shorter appendages in colder climates
- ویلیام باتسون Extra limbs mirror their neighbours
- قانون برگمان Larger bodies in colder climates
- Cope's rule Bodies get larger over time
- بزرگجثگی اعماق Larger bodies in deep-sea animals
- Dollo's law Loss of complex traits is irreversible
- Eichler's rule Parasites co-vary with their hosts
- Emery's rule Insect social parasites are often in same genus as their hosts
- Fahrenholz's rule Host and parasite phylogenies become congruent
- قانون فاستر (غولپیکری جزیرهای، Insular dwarfism) Small species get larger, large species smaller, after colonizing islands
- اصل طرد رقابتی Complete competitors cannot coexist
- قانون گلوگر Lighter coloration in colder, drier climates
- قانون هالدین Hybrid sexes that are absent, rare, or sterile, are heterogamic
- Harrison's rule Parasites co-vary in size with their hosts
- انتخاب خویشاوندی Genes increase in frequency when relatedness of recipient to actor times benefit to recipient exceeds reproductive cost to actor
- ویلی هنیگ In cladistics, the most primitive species are found in earliest, central, part of group's area
- اصل جارمن-بل The correlation between the size of an animal and its diet quality; larger animals can consume lower quality diet
- Jordan's rule Inverse relationship between water temperature and no. of fin rays, vertebrae
- اصل لک Birds lay only as many eggs as they can provide food for
- قانون راپوپورت Latitudinal range increases with latitude
- قانون رنش Sexual size dimorphism increases with size when males are larger, decreases with size when females are larger
- Rosa's rule Groups evolve from character variation in primitive species to a fixed character state in advanced ones
- ایوان اشمالهاوزن A population at limit of tolerance in one aspect is vulnerable to small differences in any other aspect
- قانون ثورسون No. of eggs of benthic marine invertebrates decreases with latitude
- Van Valen's law Probability of extinction of a group is constant over time
- von Baer's laws Embryos start from a common form and develop into increasingly specialised forms
- Williston's law Parts in an organism become reduced in number and specialized in function
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