ساحورع
ساحورَع دومین فرعون دودمان پنجم مصر باستان بود. معنای نام او «آنکه به رع نزدیک است» میباشد.[۲۸]
ساحورع | |
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فرعون | |
فرمانروایی | حدود ۱۳ سال حوالی ۲۴۹۱ – حوالی ۲۴۷۷ ق.م.[note ۱] (دودمان پنجم مصر) |
پیشین | اوسرکاف |
جانشین | نفریرکارع کاکای |
همسر(ان) | مرتنبتی[۲۴] |
فرزندان | رعنِفِر ♂ (با نام نفریرکارع کاکای به تاج و تخت رسید)، نجریرنرع ♂ (احتمالا همان شپسسکارع است)، حورمساف ♂, رعامساف ♂, خاکارع ♂ نبعنخرع ♂[۲۵][۲۶] |
پدر | اوسرکاف |
مادر | نفرحتپس دوم |
درگذشته | حوالی 2477 ق.م. |
آرامگاه | هرم ساحورع |
آثار بر جای مانده | هرم ساحورع «ظهور روح بای ساحورع»[۲۷] معبد خورشید «محوطهٔ رع» کاخهای «شکوه ساحورع تا آسمانها بالا میرود» و «تاج ساحورع پدیدار میشود» |
زندگینامه
ویرایشساحورع دومین پادشاه دودمان پنجم بود. او پسر شاه اوسرکاف و شهبانو نفرحتپس بود. از او هیچ فرزند یا همسر شناخته شدهای بر جای نمانده است. جانشین او نفریرکارع بود، نخستین فرعون با پنج نام. نفریرکارع نه تنها برادر یا فرزند ساحورع نبود که اصلیتش نیز شناخته شده نیست.[۲۹]
بنا بر افسانهای در پاپیروس وستکار، ساحورع و برادرانش نوادگان خدای رع و کاهنبانو راجدد بودهاند. ساحورع به خاطر تصاویر زیبایی که از او در آرامگاه-معبدش و هرمش باقی مانده، نامدار است.
ساحورع شاه فعالی بوده. سنگ پالرمو چندین سفر اکتشافی به فرمان او را برمیشمارد که در صحرای سینا و ابوسمبل به منظور پیدا کردن سنگهای به درد بخور و سودمند انجام شده بودند. او همچنین هرمی برای خود ساخت. این هرم ساختمانهای کناری دیگری از جمله آرامگاه-معبد نیز داشت. بر طبق سنگ پالرمو این فرعون ۱۲ سال فرمانروایی کرد.[۳۰] این زمان در نوشتههای مانثون ۱۳ سال است.[۳۱]
خانواده
ویرایشساحورع پسر شهبانو نفرحتپس و شاه اوسرکاف بود. همسر ساحورع نفرتنبتی بوده است اما تبار او شناخته شده نیست. ساحورع و نفرتنبتی دو پسر داشتند؛ شاهزادگان رعنِفِر و نجریرنرع که در تصویری به همراه پدر و مادرشان دیده میشوند. تصویر حورمساف، خاکارع، و نبعنخرع نیز در معبد-آرامگاه ساحورع کشیده شدهاند ولی مشخصات مادرشان ناشناخته است.[۳۲]
آثار
ویرایش- هرم در ابو صیر
- به گمانی یک معبد خورشید
- چندین معبد به روایت سنگ پالرمو
یادداشتها
ویرایشمنابع
ویرایش- ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ MET 2015.
- ↑ Allen et al. 1999, pp. 329–330.
- ↑ Online archive 2014.
- ↑ Wright & Pardee 1988, p. 144.
- ↑ Verner 2001b, p. 588.
- ↑ Altenmüller 2001, p. 598.
- ↑ Walters Art Museum website 2015.
- ↑ ۸٫۰ ۸٫۱ von Beckerath 1997, p. 188.
- ↑ Clayton 1994, pp. 60–63.
- ↑ Rice 1999, p. 173.
- ↑ Málek 2000a, pp. 83–85.
- ↑ Baker 2008, pp. 343–345.
- ↑ Sowada 2009, p. 3.
- ↑ Mark 2013, p. 270.
- ↑ Huyge 2017, p. 41.
- ↑ Bard & Fattovich 2011, p. 116.
- ↑ von Beckerath 1999, p. 283.
- ↑ Allen et al. 1999, p. xx.
- ↑ Phillips 1997, p. 426.
- ↑ Strudwick 1985, p. 3.
- ↑ Hornung 2012, p. 491.
- ↑ Allen et al. 1999, p. 337.
- ↑ ۲۳٫۰ ۲۳٫۱ Leprohon 2013, p. 38.
- ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2004, pp. 62–69.
- ↑ El Awady 2006a, pp. 214–216.
- ↑ Borchardt 1910, p. Plate (Blatt) 32, 33 & 34.
- ↑ Lehner 2008, pp. 142–144.
- ↑ Peter A. Clayton (۲۰۰۴)، Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt، Thames & Hudson، ص. ۶۱، شابک ۰۹۰۰۴۱۶۸۲۳
- ↑ Miroslav Verner (۲۰۰۱)، The Pyramids، Grove Press. New York، ص. ۲۶۸
- ↑ Toby Wilkinson (۲۰۰۰)، Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt، Columbia University Press، ص. ۲۵۹، شابک ۰-۷۱۰۳-۰۶۶۷-۹
- ↑ William Gillian Waddell (۲۰۰۴)، Manetho (The Loeb Classical Library, Volume 350)، Harvard University Press، شابک ۰-۶۷۴-۹۹۳۸۵-۳
- ↑ Dodson A. , Hilton D. (۲۰۰۴)، The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt، Thames & Hudson، شابک ۰۵۰۰۰۵۱۲۸۳
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