سازمان تولید اسکناس و مسکوک

سازمان تولید اسکناس و مسکوک
نام پیشین	ضرابخانه سلطنتی ایرانی
نوع	دولتی
صنعت	ضرب سکه; چاپ امن;
پیشینیان	۲۴ ضرابخانه استانی
بنا نهاده	۱۴ ژوئن ۱۸۷۷؛ ۱۴۶ سال پیش
بنیانگذاران	محمدحسن امین الضرب
دفتر مرکزی	ایران، تهران، بلوار میرداماد، شماره ۱۹۸
افراد کلیدی	امیر شکری (مدیر)
محصولات	سکه بهار آزادی; سکه یادبود; ریال ایران سکه‌های گردشگری، اسکناس و چک نقدی;
خروجی تولید	۸۰۰ میلیون اسکناس
مادر	بانک مرکزی (تأسیس شده در ۲۳ سپتامبر ۱۹۶۲؛ ۶۱ سال پیش); وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی (۱۲۵۶–۱۳۴۱)
وبگاه	spmo.ir

سازمان تولید اسکناس و مسکوک (به انگلیسی: Security Printing and Minting Organization؛ یا به‌طور مخفف: SPMO)^[۶] یکی از زیرمجموعه‌های بانک مرکزی ایران است که مسئولیت طراحی، تولید و امحای اسکناس و ضرب مسکوک در ایران را با اختیار انحصاری بر عهده دارد.^[۷]

در سال ۱۲۵۶ به عنوان تنها ضرابخانه ملی ایران تأسیس شد و جایگزین ضرابخانه‌های متعدد استانی شد.^[۸]^[۹] محل این ضرابخانه، در یک کارخانه پنبه‌سازی در شمال تهران ساخته بود و از ماشین‌آلات فرانسوی استفاده می‌کرد^[۱۰] در حالی که ساختمان اولیه توسط بلژیکی‌ها ساخته شده بود.^[۱۱] فرانتس پچان فون پراگنبرگ، به عنوان مقام ارشد ضرابخانه اتریش، در اداره فنی ضرابخانه فعالیت داشت.^[۱۲] در سال ۱۳۱۰، آلمانی‌ها ماشین آلات جدیدی را برای ضرابخانه فراهم کردند.^[۱۳] اسکناس‌های ایران تا سال ۱۳۶۱ توسط این سازمان چاپ نشد.^[۱۴] در عوض شرکت‌های خارجی از جمله برادبری ویلکینسون و شرکاء، واترلو و پسران، شرکت یادداشت‌های بانک آمریکایی و دی لا رو وظیفهٔ چاپ اسکناس‌ها را داشتند.^[۱۵] در سال ۱۳۹۱ کوینیگ آوند بوئر از ارائه تجهیزات به این سازمان خودداری کرد.^[۱۶]

منابع ویرایش

↑ Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "The Politics of Money Supply under Modernizing Condition", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, There were twenty-four known copper striking mints: Astarabad, Yerevan, Hamadan, Herat, Isfahan, Kerman, Maragheh, Nishapur, Qazvin, Shabankareh, Shiraz, Soltaniyeh, Tabriz, Yazd, Isfahan, Kashan, Kazerun, Kerman, Lahijan, Mashhad, Qazvin, Rasht and Tehran.
↑ Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "The Creation of a Modern National Mint", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, The official, festive inauguration of the Mint took place a year later, on 14 June 1877, when it was officially opened by the shah [Naser al-Din].
↑ A. Enayat (15 December 1989), AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤĀJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN, vol. I/9, Encyclopædia Iranica, pp. 951–953
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Khalid Kazimov (17 September 2015). "Iran spends $33M each year to print banknotes". Trend News Agency.
↑ «قانون انحلال ضرابخانه سلطنتی و تکلیف وظایف آن به بانک مرکزی ایران». ۲۲ دی ۱۳۴۳. ص. ۵۳۶. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰ نوامبر ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰ نوامبر ۲۰۲۱.
↑ Funke, Christian (2016). "Aesthetics and Politics of Redesigning Iranian Banknotes: Arab Wind, the Persian Gulf and the Absence of Nuclear Energy". International Bank Note Society Journal. 55: 40–45.
↑ "No Counterfeit Banknotes Found". Financial Tribune. 15 September 2015.
↑ Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "Tradition and Change in the Use of Money", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, p. 208, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, Before 1877 each major town had its own mint and the coins produced there could vary 10 per cent or more in weight from the national standard...
↑ Ervand Abrahamian (2008), "The Islamic Republic", A History of Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, p. 40, ISBN 978-0-521-82139-1, The central mint, which replaced the many provincial ones, could now debase the coinage, and thereby provide the government with some extra cash...
↑ George N. Curzon (2013), Persia and the Persian Question: Volume One, Routledge, p. 472, ISBN 978-1-136-99206-3, These misfortunes delayed for some time the execution of the projected scheme; and it was not till 1877 that the new coinage appeared, a large building on the northern outskirts of Teheran, which had been unsuccessfully tried as a cotton factory, having been converted into the Royal Mint. The establishment, which possesses a German overseer and French dies, and is under control of Amin-es-Sultan, is now the sole mint of Persia.
↑ Faryar Javaherian (2010), Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production, Industrialization and the Built Environment in the Islamic World, Istanbul Bilgi University Press, p. 82, In addition, the Belgians built a coin mint, or zarrab-khaneh, in Tehran.
↑ Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "Tradition and Change in the Use of Money", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, p. 208, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, Following a formal request for assistance with the improvement of the mint and lengthy negotiations, Franz Pechan von Prägenberg, a high official of the Austrian mint, and a mechanic named Obonya on 13 November 1874 left Vienna for Tehran, where they arrived on 24 January 1875... Fortunately, Obonya was an able and inventive man, and with the help of three other European mechanics passing through Tehran in 1876 he managed to revive the machinery. As a result, the new mint was able to strike new qrans...
↑ Rashid Khatib-Shahidi (2013), German Foreign Policy Towards Iran Before World War II: Political Relations, Economic Influence and the National Bank of Persia, I.B.Tauris, p. 82, ISBN 978-1-84885-324-9, The Persian parliament had approved on 16 February 1931 a loan to the ministry of trade and industry to meet the capital expenditure required for the establishment of a mint. The machinery and required equipment for this new mint had been ordered in Germany. Moreover, in February 1931 two German experts were appointed to run the operations of the mint.
↑ "A Tour of CBI's Security Printing". Tehran Times. 28 April 1998.
↑ Ali Sharghi (15 December 1998), ESKENĀS, vol. VIII/6, Encyclopædia Iranica, pp. 615–624
↑ Gladstone, Rick (16 October 2012). "Iran Sanctions May Cut Supply of Currency". The New York Times.

پیوند به بیرون ویرایش

سازمان تولید اسکناس و مسکوک

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[1] Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "The Politics of Money Supply under Modernizing Condition", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, There were twenty-four known copper striking mints: Astarabad, Yerevan, Hamadan, Herat, Isfahan, Kerman, Maragheh, Nishapur, Qazvin, Shabankareh, Shiraz, Soltaniyeh, Tabriz, Yazd, Isfahan, Kashan, Kazerun, Kerman, Lahijan, Mashhad, Qazvin, Rasht and Tehran.

[2] Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "The Creation of a Modern National Mint", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, The official, festive inauguration of the Mint took place a year later, on 14 June 1877, when it was officially opened by the shah [Naser al-Din].

[3] A. Enayat (15 December 1989), AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤĀJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN, vol. I/9, Encyclopædia Iranica, pp. 951–953

[Kazimov-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Khalid Kazimov (17 September 2015). "Iran spends $33M each year to print banknotes". Trend News Agency.

[5] «قانون انحلال ضرابخانه سلطنتی و تکلیف وظایف آن به بانک مرکزی ایران». ۲۲ دی ۱۳۴۳. ص. ۵۳۶. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰ نوامبر ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰ نوامبر ۲۰۲۱.

[6] Funke, Christian (2016). "Aesthetics and Politics of Redesigning Iranian Banknotes: Arab Wind, the Persian Gulf and the Absence of Nuclear Energy". International Bank Note Society Journal. 55: 40–45.

[7] "No Counterfeit Banknotes Found". Financial Tribune. 15 September 2015.

[8] Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "Tradition and Change in the Use of Money", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, p. 208, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, Before 1877 each major town had its own mint and the coins produced there could vary 10 per cent or more in weight from the national standard...

[9] Ervand Abrahamian (2008), "The Islamic Republic", A History of Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, p. 40, ISBN 978-0-521-82139-1, The central mint, which replaced the many provincial ones, could now debase the coinage, and thereby provide the government with some extra cash...

[10] George N. Curzon (2013), Persia and the Persian Question: Volume One, Routledge, p. 472, ISBN 978-1-136-99206-3, These misfortunes delayed for some time the execution of the projected scheme; and it was not till 1877 that the new coinage appeared, a large building on the northern outskirts of Teheran, which had been unsuccessfully tried as a cotton factory, having been converted into the Royal Mint. The establishment, which possesses a German overseer and French dies, and is under control of Amin-es-Sultan, is now the sole mint of Persia.

[11] Faryar Javaherian (2010), Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production, Industrialization and the Built Environment in the Islamic World, Istanbul Bilgi University Press, p. 82, In addition, the Belgians built a coin mint, or zarrab-khaneh, in Tehran.

[12] Rudi Matthee, Willem Floor (2013), "Tradition and Change in the Use of Money", The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars, I.B.Tauris, p. 208, ISBN 978-0-85772-172-3, Following a formal request for assistance with the improvement of the mint and lengthy negotiations, Franz Pechan von Prägenberg, a high official of the Austrian mint, and a mechanic named Obonya on 13 November 1874 left Vienna for Tehran, where they arrived on 24 January 1875... Fortunately, Obonya was an able and inventive man, and with the help of three other European mechanics passing through Tehran in 1876 he managed to revive the machinery. As a result, the new mint was able to strike new qrans...

[13] Rashid Khatib-Shahidi (2013), German Foreign Policy Towards Iran Before World War II: Political Relations, Economic Influence and the National Bank of Persia, I.B.Tauris, p. 82, ISBN 978-1-84885-324-9, The Persian parliament had approved on 16 February 1931 a loan to the ministry of trade and industry to meet the capital expenditure required for the establishment of a mint. The machinery and required equipment for this new mint had been ordered in Germany. Moreover, in February 1931 two German experts were appointed to run the operations of the mint.

[14] "A Tour of CBI's Security Printing". Tehran Times. 28 April 1998.

[15] Ali Sharghi (15 December 1998), ESKENĀS, vol. VIII/6, Encyclopædia Iranica, pp. 615–624

[16] Gladstone, Rick (16 October 2012). "Iran Sanctions May Cut Supply of Currency". The New York Times.

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