قدرت منطقهای: تفاوت میان نسخهها
محتوای حذفشده محتوای افزودهشده
Yamaha5Bot (بحث | مشارکتها) جز اصلاح نویسه عربی، + ویرایش با ماژول ابرابزار با استفاده از AWB |
|||
خط ۱:
[[پرونده:Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg|بندانگشتی|400x400پیکسل|رهبران بیشتر قدرتهای منطقه در نشست 2015 G-
در [[روابط بینالملل|روابط بینالمللی]]، یک '''قدرت منطقه ای'''
==
* بخشی از یک منطقه قابل تعریف را با هویت خود تشکیل دهد.
* ادعا کند که یک قدرت منطقه ای است (تصویر خود در یک قدرت منطقه ای)
* نفوذ قاطعی بر گستره جغرافیایی منطقه و همچنین ساختار ایدئولوژیک خود داشته باشد.
* دارای توانمندیهای نسبتاً بالایی در ارتش،
* به خوبی در منطقه یکپارچه شده باشد.
* وظایف امنیت منطقه ای را تا حد بالایی در دستور کار خود تعریف کند.
* به عنوان یک قدرت منطقه ای نزد
* دارای ارتباط خوبی با مجامع منطقه ای و جهانی باشد.
خط ۲۰:
=== آفریقا ===
به طور کلی، [[الجزایر]]،
==== آفریقای شمالی ====
خط ۲۷:
==== آفریقای جنوبی ====
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|South Africa}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{Cite book|url=|title=The United States and the Great Powers|last=Buzan|first=Barry|publisher=Polity Press|year=2004|isbn=0-7456-3375-7|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|pages=71}}</ref><ref name="ai">[http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf www.aims.ca] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf|date=20060721181621}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html www.iss.co.za] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html|date=20061012033753}}</ref><ref>"Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa.
==== شرق آفریقا ====
خط ۳۴:
==== غرب آفریقا ====
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Nigeria}}'''<ref>"West Africa, with its strong French influence, is home to one of Africa's two regional giants, Nigeria, and the region has seen the scene of much political and ethnic unrest."
* {{پرچم-کشور|Ghana}}<ref>Zones of Peace in the Third World: South America and West Africa in
=== آمریکای شمالی ===
دو
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Canada}}''' {{Ref label|G7|G7}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|United States}}''' {{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2012/04/16/chinese-cyber-information-profusion-anti-access-area-denial-in-summative-context/</ref>
=== آمریکای لاتین ===
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Argentina}}''' {{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>"Argentina has been the leading military and economic power in the Southern Cone in the Twentieth Century."
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Brazil}}'''{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Brazil-as-a-Regional-Power3.pdf|title=Brazil as a Regional Power: Views from the Hemisphere|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|last=Arnson|first=Cynthia|last2=Sotero|first2=Paulo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta_513.pdf|title=Brazil as an intermediate state and regional power: action, choice and responsibilities|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=Chatham House|last=De Lima|first=Maria Regina Soares|last2=Hirst|first2=Monica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiia.fi/assets/publications/bp82.pdf|title=Assertive Brazil, an emerging power and its implications|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=Finnish Institute of International Affairs|last=Wigell|first=Mikael}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/english/content/rpn/conferences/flemes.pdf|title=Brazil’s strategic options in a multiregional world order|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=German Institute of Global and Area Studies|last=Flemes, Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/12944490/Unveiling_the_South_American_Balance|title=Unveiling the South American Balance|accessdate=16 April 2015|publisher=Estudos Internacionais|last=Schenoni, Luis}}</ref>
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Mexico}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:105725&datastreamId=SUPPLEMENTARY-1.DOC&ei=fMKFT7SMKIye8gS71NHACA&usg=AFQjCNHKPFxJk5bu6Qs5R2SKSUs8IwidWw&sig2=_lt4YNVT-1ECYQBh61EWgA|title=Beyond the BICs: Strategies of influence|accessdate=11 April 2012|publisher=The University of Manchester|last=James Scott, Matthias vom Hau and David Hulme}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/staff/nolte/publications/how_to_compare_nolte.pdf|title=How to compare regional powers: analytical concepts and research topics|accessdate=11 April 2012|publisher=British International Studies Association}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2006/05.pdf Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32&pubID=2892|title=China’s Rise and Latin America: A Global, Long-Term Perspective|accessdate=17 April 2012|publisher=Inter-American Dialogue|last=Dadush|first=Uri|quote=Moreover, the rise of regional powers Brazil and Mexico, and their burgeoning middle classes, could be a boon for other Latin American economies.}}</ref>
=== آسیا ===
از لحاظ تاریخی،
==== شرق آسیا ====
سطر ۶۵ ⟵ ۶۴:
==== غرب آسیا ====
در منطقه
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Iran}}'''{{Ref label|Next 11|N11}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{Cite book|url=|title=The United States and the Great Powers|last=Buzan|first=Barry|publisher=Polity Press|year=2004|isbn=0-7456-3375-7|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|pages=71}}</ref><ref name="Regions and powers">{{Cite book|title=Regions and powers: the structure of international security|last=Buzan|first=Barry|last2=Wæver|first2=Ole|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-521-89111-6|location=Cambridge|pages=55}}</ref><ref>""Iran is a strong regional power, in a far better shape than Pakistan because f its economic capabilities, rich mineral and energy resources, and internal stability, added to its far greater geostrategic importance."
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Israel}}'''{{Ref|reference_name_A|a}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{Cite book|url=|title=The United States and the Great Powers|last=Buzan|first=Barry|publisher=Polity Press|year=2004|isbn=0-7456-3375-7|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|pages=71}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n06/mear01_.html www.lrb.co.uk]</ref><ref>[http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd76/76actg.htm www.acronym.org.uk]</ref>
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Saudi Arabia}}''' {{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{Cite book|url=|title=The United States and the Great Powers|last=Buzan|first=Barry|publisher=Polity Press|year=2004|isbn=0-7456-3375-7|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|pages=71}}</ref><ref name="Regions and powers">{{Cite book|title=Regions and powers: the structure of international security|last=Buzan|first=Barry|last2=Wæver|first2=Ole|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-521-89111-6|location=Cambridge|pages=55}}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Sept_23/ai_92080737 findarticles.com]</ref><ref>[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=4349 yaleglobal.yale.edu]</ref>
=== اروپا ===
[[فرانسه]]،
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|France}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="ai">[http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf www.aims.ca] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf|date=20060721181621}}</ref><ref name="cbs">[http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php www.csbaonline.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/oil/2003/0206regi.htm globalpolicy.org]</ref>
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Germany}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="ai">[http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf www.aims.ca] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf|date=20060721181621}}</ref><ref name="cbs">[http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php www.csbaonline.org]</ref><ref>[https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/2181/6/lecture010.pdf tspace.library.utoronto.ca]</ref>
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Italy}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>Gabriele Abbondanza, ''Italy as a Regional Power: the African Context from National Unification to the Present Day'' (Rome: Aracne, 2016)</ref><ref>"Operation Alba may be considered one of the most important instances in which Italy has acted as a regional power, taking the lead in executing a technically and politically coherent and determined strategy."
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|United Kingdom}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}
Powers to Rising Regions and Rivals</ref>
===
کشورهای بین قارهای مانند روسیه قادر به اعمال نفوذ منطقهای در مناطق بزرگی از جهان هستند.
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Russia}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="alla">[http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/6/0/7/9/p360796_index.html U.S. Policy to Asia for Regional Powers in New Science and Technology: China, Russia, Japan and Korea with Nuclear Potential], allacademic.com</ref><ref name="cbs">[http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php www.csbaonline.org]</ref><ref>http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru</ref>
* '''{{پرچم-کشور|Turkey}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XvtS5hKg9jYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=The+United+States+and+the+Great+Powers&ots=A3H1zZvfp4&sig=qSCxRlF4ImYrrKmiSNarSxTQTyE#v=onepage&q&f=false The United States and the great powers: world politics in the twenty-first century]</ref><ref name="StratforTurkey">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090317_turkey_and_russia_rise|title=Turkey and Russia on the Rise|date=2009-03-17|accessdate=2011-08-21|publisher=Stratfor}}</ref><ref name="HeptagonTurkey">{{Cite web|url=http://www.heptagonpost.com/Dessi/can_turkey_be_a_source_of_stability_in_the_middle_east|title=Can Turkey Be a Source of Stability in the Middle East?|date=2010-12-18|accessdate=2011-05-16|publisher=heptagonpost.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/21536598 The Economist: "Turkish foreign policy: Ottoman dreamer", 5 November 2011.]</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/21536647 The Economist: "Turkey in the Balkans: The good old days?", 5 November 2011.]</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2099674,00.html "Erdoğan's Moment"], cover story in the [[تایم|Time magazine]] issue of November 21–28, 2011.
=== اقیانوسیه ===
سطر ۸۷ ⟵ ۸۶:
== منابع ==
{{پانویس|30em|۲}}
[[رده:کشورها بر پایه وضعیت قدرت]]
|