پراپفن

با توربوپراپ یا توربوفن اشتباه نشود.

پراپفن که به آن موتور روتور باز یا فن کانال‌دار نشده نیز می‌گویند (برخلاف فن کانال‌دار)، نوعی موتور هواپیما است که از نظر مفهومی با توربوپراپ و توربوفن مرتبط است، اما از هر دو آن‌ها متمایز است. این طراحی برای ارائه سرعت و عملکرد یک موتور توربوفن با مصرف سوخت یک موتور توربوپراپ در نظر گرفته شده‌است. یک موتور پراپفن معمولاً با تعداد زیادی پره‌های کوتاه و بسیار پیچ خورده، شبیه به فن کانال‌دار در موتورهای توربوفن، طراحی می‌شود. به همین دلیل، به صورت‌های مختلف به عنوان یک «فن کانال‌دار نشده» (UDF) یا «توربوفن با بای‌پس فوق‌العاده» (UHB) توصیف می‌شود.

ماکتی از GE36 در موزه هوانوردی و فضایی سفران

نمای نزدیک از موتور پراپفن PW-Allison 578-DX، نصب شده بر روی مک‌دانل داگلاس ام‌دی-۸۰.

هواگردهای با موتور پراپفن

• آنتونوف ای‌ان-۷۰

هواگردهای پیشنهادی با موتور پراپفن

* آنتونوف-۱۸۰

• ATRA-90
• بوئینگ ۷جی۷
• مک‌دانل داگلاس ام‌دی-۹۴ایکس
• MPC-75
• یاکوولف یاک-۴۴
• Yakovlev Yak-46

همچنین ببینید

• توربوپراپ
• ملخ‌های متقاطع-دوار
• Contra-rotating
• فن کانال‌دار
• Geared turbofan

موتورهای قابل مقایسه

• یوروپراپ تی‌پی۴۰۰
• General Electric GE-36 UDF
• Kuznetsov NK-12
• Kuznetsov NK-93
• Metrovick F.5
• پرت اند ویتنی/الیسون ۵۷۸-دی‌ایکس
• Progress D-27
• Progress D-236
• رولز-رویس آربی۳۰۱۱

فهرست‌های مرتبط

• List of aircraft engines

منابع

منابع عمومی

• Prop fan propulsion concepts: Technology Review, Design Methodology, State-of-the-art designs and future outlook. Raymond Scott Ciszek. University of Virginia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Senior Thesis Project. March 25, 2002

کتابشناسی - فهرست کتب

• Dubois, Thierry; Warwick, Graham (January 9–22, 2017). "Last of the CRORs: Safran is about to test a counter-rotating open rotor engine, despite waning appeal". Advanced Propulsion. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Vol. 179, no. 1. Lyon, France and Washington, D.C. , USA. p. 54. OCLC 969306167.
• Kinney, Jeremy R. (2017). "4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989" (PDF). The power for flight: NASA's contributions to aircraft propulsion. NASA aeronautics book series. Vol. 631. pp. 114–125. hdl:2060/20180003207. ISBN 9781626830370. OCLC 990183146. alternate url
• Notice of proposed amendment (NPA) 2015-22: Open rotor engine and installation (PDF), آژانس ایمنی هوانوردی اروپا, December 21, 2015, archived (PDF) from the original on August 25, 2018, retrieved March 28, 2019
• Khalid, S. Arif; Lurie, David; Breeze-Stringfellow, Andrew; Wood, Trevor; Ramakrishnan, Kishore; Paliath, Umesh; Wojno, John; Janardan, Bangalore; Goerig, Trevor; Opalski, Anthony; Barrett, Jack (May 2013). "FAA CLEEN program open rotor aeroacoustic technology non-proprietary report" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration (به انگلیسی). General Electric. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
• Coniglio, Sergio (February 2010). "Military aircraft propulsion: Jets vs. props". Military Technology (MILTECH). Vol. 34, no. 2. Mönch Publishing Group. pp. 77–84. ISSN 0722-3226. OCLC 527912380.
• Bowles, Mark (2010). "Advanced turboprops and laminar flow" (PDF). The Apollo of aeronautics: NASA's aircraft energy efficiency program, 1973-1987. NASA-SP (به انگلیسی). Vol. 2009–574. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 122–136. hdl:2060/20110011568. ISBN 9780160842955. OCLC 465190382. Retrieved 25 September 2018. alternate url
• Doyle, Andrew (October 6, 2009). "Open rotor: how does it work?". Flight International. London, England, UK. ISSN 0015-3710.
• Turner, Aimée (March 23, 2009). "Back to the windtunnel". Flight International. لندن، United Kingdom.
• "EU explores cleaner airplanes". نمایشگاه هوایی فارن‌بورو. AINonline. July 24, 2008.
• Bowles, Mark D.; Dawson, Virginia P. (1998). "Chapter 14: The advanced turboprop project: Radical innovation in a conservative environment". In Mack, Pamela (ed.). From engineering science to big science: The NACA and NASA Collier Trophy research project winners. NASA-SP. Vol. 4219. pp. 321–343. hdl:2060/20000012419. ISBN 978-0-16-049640-0. OCLC 757401658. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
• Kuznetsov, N. D. (June 28–30, 1993). Propfan engines. Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (29th ed.). Monterey, California, USA. doi:10.2514/6.1993-1981.
• Kuntz, H. L.; Gatineau, R. J.; Prydz, R. A.; Balena, F. J. (October 1991). Development and testing of cabin sidewall acoustic resonators for the reduction of cabin tone levels in propfan-powered aircraft (Report). hdl:2060/19920004539. OCLC 976747507. alternate url
• Kuntz, H. L.; Gatineau, R. J. (May 1991). Laboratory test and acoustic analysis of cabin treatment for Propfan Test Assessment aircraft (Report). OCLC 27904451. alternate url
• United States سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ایالات متحده آمریکا (EPA) (August 1990). Preliminary technology cost estimates of measures available to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 2010 (Report). Attachment D: Memo from Michael Kavanaugh on UDF aircraft engine.
• Postlethwaite, Alan (April 18–24, 1990). "Opening doors: The Soviet aerospace industry is in transition as military cuts hit and its factories start producing consumer goods". Flight International. pp. 28–31.
• Little, B. H.; Poland, D. T.; Bartel, H. W.; Withers, C. C.; Brown, P. C. (July 1989). Propfan test assessment (PTA): Final project report. Vol. NASA-CR-185138. hdl:2060/19900002423. OCLC 891598373. alternate url
• Little, B. H.; Barrel, H. W.; Reddy, N. N.; Swift, G.; Withers, C. C.; Brown, P. C. (April 1989). Propfan test assessment (PTA): Flight test report. Vol. NASA-CR-182278. hdl:2060/19900002422. OCLC 57716217. alternate url
• "Douglas holds back on propfan launch" (PDF). Flight International. Vol. 134, no. 4127. August 20, 1988. p. 12.
• DeGeorge, C. L. (1988). Large-scale advanced prop-fan (LAP): Final report. Vol. NASA-CR-182112. hdl:2060/19880010922. OCLC 23092598. alternate url
• Hager, Roy V.; Vrabel, Deborah (1988). Advanced turboprop project. NASA SP-495 (به انگلیسی). Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Scientific and Technical Information Division. hdl:2060/19890003194. OCLC 17508419. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2019. alternate url
• GE Aircraft Engines (December 1987). Full scale technology demonstration of a modern counterrotating unducted fan engine concept. Design report. hdl:2060/19900000732. OCLC 1013402936 – via Internet Archive. alternate url
• Donne, Michael (September 5, 1986). "The new aero-engines: A path to cheaper flight". Financial Times. Farnborough, England, United Kingdom. p. 20.
• Moxon, Julian (May 24, 1986). "After the big turbofans". Civil Propulsion. Flight International. Vol. 129, no. 4012. pp. 32, 34. ISSN 0015-3710.
• Skipp, Peter (December 14, 1985). "Tupolev and the new generation: Alexei Tupolev is looking ahead to a replacement for the Tu-154, the USSR's most widely-used short-to-medium-range jet airliner. He is also seeing into service a 154 derivative which will operate for many years to come". Flight International. pp. 30–31.
• Whitlow, J. B. , Jr.; Sievers, G. K. (September 10–11, 1984). Fuel savings potential of the NASA advanced turboprop program. Aviation Fuel Conservation Symposium. اداره هوانوردی فدرال (FAA). Washington, D. C. , USA. hdl:2060/19840021809. OCLC 11694598. alternate url
• "Soviet designers look ahead". Flight International. February 13, 1982. p. 335.
• Moxon, Julian (January 16, 1982). "Propfan: The propeller to replace jets?". Flight International. Windsor Locks, Connecticut, USA. pp. 112–114. ISSN 0015-3710.
• Goldsmith, I. M. (February 1981). A study to define the research and technology requirements for advanced turbo/propfan transport aircraft. Vol. NASA-CR-166138. hdl:2060/19820010328. alternate url

پیوند به بیرون

• "Keith Henry archives collection: Prop-fan noise reduction and prop-fan propulsion research". NASA Cultural Resources (CRGIS). 3 February 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
• Aguilar, Hector; Haan, Leon de; Knuyt, Jerry; Nieuwendijk, Lisa (December 2017). "Propfan, an alternative for turbofan engines: Tackling the technical design characteristics of a propfan" (PDF). AviationFacts.eu (به انگلیسی). Aviation Academy at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
• "Green sky thinking - carbon credits and the propfan comeback?". Flight International. June 12, 2007. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on June 21, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
• "A new 'open rotor' jet engine that could reduce fuel consumption". The Green Optimistic. October 27, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
• Norris, Guy (June 25, 2021). "Evolutionary Trail Of The Open-Fan Engine". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.