تخریب کتابخانه اسکندریه: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها
محتوای حذف‌شده محتوای افزوده‌شده
جز ربات:مرتب‌سازی عنوان‌ها+مرتب+تمیز+ |
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خط ۱:
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'''[[کتابخانه اسکندریه مصر]]''' یکی از بزرگترین و مهمترین کتابخانه‌های جهان باستان بود.<ref name="Sagan, C. 1980">Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, Sagan, C 1980, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa1ImgOcOPM&feature=related "Episode 1: The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean"]</ref> این کتابخانه به خاطر سوزانده شدن که منجر به از دست رفتن مکتوبات و کتابهای بسیاری شد مشهور است و تبدیل به نمادی از «دانش و فرهنگ نابوده شده» شده است. فرهنگ‌های متفاوت یکدیگر را در طول تاریخ سرزنش کرده یا از مسئولیت نیاکان خود فاصله گرفته‌اند، و بدین ترتیب تکه‌های متناقض و ناکافی از منابع باستانی در خصوص جزئیات دقیق نابودی وجود دارد.
خط ۵:
ارتش مسلمان [[عمرو عاص]] در سال ۶۴۲ میلادی اسکندریه را فتح کرد. پنج منبع عربی که مربوط حداقل ۵۰۰ سال پس از آن وقایع هستند سرنوشت کتابخانه را مورد اشاره قرار داده‌اند.
* [[عبداللطیف البغدادی]] (۱۱۶۲–۱۲۳۱) می‌گوید که کتابخانه به دست عمرو به دستور [[عمر بن خطاب]] نابود شد.<ref>De Sacy, ''Relation de l’Egypte par Abd al-Latif'', Paris, 1810: "Above the column of the pillars is a dome supported by this column. I think this building was the portico where Aristotle taught, and after him his disciples; and that this was the academy that Alexander built when he built this city, and where was placed the library which Amr ibn-Alas burned, with the permission of Omar." Google books [http://books.google.com/books?id=NGrRAAAAMAAJ here]. Translation of De Sacy from [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4926 here]. Other versions of Abd-el-Latif in English [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4936 here].</ref>
* این ماجرا در [[قفطی]] (۱۱۷۲–۱۲۴۸), إخبار العلماء بأخبار الحکماء،
* طولانی‌ترین روایت در اثر [[ابن عبری]] (۱۲۲۶–۱۲۸۶) آمده است.<!--* [[Al-Maqrizi]] (1364–1442) also mentions the story briefly, while speaking of the [[سراپیوم]].<ref>Alfred J. Butler, The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, Oxford, 1902, Chapter 25, p.401 f. : "Thus speaking of the Serapeum he says, ‘Some think that these columns upheld the Porch of Aristotle, who taught philosophy here: that it was a school of learning: and that it contained the library which was burnt by `Amr on the advice of the Caliph Omar’ (''Khitat'', vol. i. p. 159)."</ref>▼
▲* [[Al-Maqrizi]] (1364–1442) also mentions the story briefly, while speaking of the [[سراپیوم]].<ref>Alfred J. Butler, The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, Oxford, 1902, Chapter 25, p.401 f. : "Thus speaking of the Serapeum he says, ‘Some think that these columns upheld the Porch of Aristotle, who taught philosophy here: that it was a school of learning: and that it contained the library which was burnt by `Amr on the advice of the Caliph Omar’ (''Khitat'', vol. i. p. 159)."</ref>
* There is also a story in [[ابن خلدون]] (1332–1406) which tells that Omar made a similar order about Persian books.<ref>Quoted by Wahid Akhtar (tr), Murtada Mutahhari-quddisa sirruh, [http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/library/burn.htm Alleged Book Burnings in Iran and Egypt: A Study of Related Facts and Fiction], in al Tawhid vol 14, No. 1 Spring 1997. Ibn Khaldum is quoted as follows: "It is said that these sciences reached Greece from the Persians, when Alexander killed Darius and conquered Persia, getting access to innumerable books and sciences developed by them. And when Iran was conquered (by Muslims) and books were found there in abundance, Sa’d ibn Abi al-Waqqas wrote to `Umar ibn al-Khattab asking his permission to have them translated for Muslims. ‘Umar wrote to him in reply that he should cast them into water, “for if what is written in those books is guidance, God has given us a better guide; and if that which is in those books is misleading, God has saved us from their evil. ” Accordingly those books were cast into water or fire, and the sciences of the Iranians that were contained in them were destroyed and did not reach us."</ref>
سطر ۲۹ ⟵ ۲۸:
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* {{یادکرد-ویکی|پیوند =//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Destruction_of_the_Library_of_Alexandria&oldid=690961838|عنوان = Destruction of the Library of Alexandria|زبان =انگلیسی|بازیابی =۲۳ نوامبر ۲۰۱۵}}
[[رده:کتاب‌سوزی‌ها]]▼
[[رده:تاریخ اسکندریه]]
▲[[رده:کتاب‌سوزی‌ها]]
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