ویکی‌پدیا

شورش در خیبر پختونخوا

درگیری مسلحانه در شمال غربی پاکستان از ۲۰۰۴

شورش در خیبر پختونخوا که به عنوان جنگ در شمال غربی پاکستان یا جنگ پاکستان علیه تروریسم نیز شناخته می‌شود، یک درگیری مسلحانه مداوم است که پاکستان و گروه‌های شبه نظامی اسلام‌گرا مانند طالبان پاکستان، جندالله پاکستان، لشکر اسلام، تحریک نفاذ شریعت محمدی، القاعده و متحدان آن‌ها در مرکز آسیا مانند داعش خراسان، جنبش اسلامی ازبکستان، حزب اسلامی ترکستان، امارت قفقاز و دیگر عناصر جنایات سازمان یافته را درگیر می‌کند.[۴۸][۴۹][۵۰] این درگیری که قبلاً یک جنگ بود، اکنون از سال ۲۰۱۷ به یک شورش سطح پایین تبدیل شده است.

شورش در خیبر پختونخوا
بخشی از جنگ علیه تروریسم و
گسترش از جنگ در افغانستان (۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۱)

نقشه اطلاعاتی: نقشه‌های اطلاعاتی نیروی دریایی، مناطق قبیله‌ای فدرال را با رنگ آبی و بقیه خیبر پختونخوا را با رنگ سبز نشان می‌دهد.
تاریخ۱۶ مارس ۲۰۰۴ – اکنون
(۲۰ سال و ۸ ماه)
فاز نخست: ۱۶ مارس ۲۰۰۴ – ۲۲ فوریه ۲۰۱۷
فاز دوم: ۲۳ فوریه ۲۰۱۷ – اکنون
موقعیت
ایالت خیبر پختونخوا (شامل مناطق قبیله‌ای فدرال سابق)، پاکستان
وضعیت

در جریان (شورش در سطح پایین)[۱]

فاز نخست
(جنگ ۲۰۰۴ – ۲۰۱۷)
فاز دوم (شورش ۲۰۱۷ – اکنون)
طرف‌های درگیر

 پاکستان

شورشیان

گروه‌های همسو با داعش

فرماندهان و رهبران

عارف علوی (۲۰۱۸–اکنون)
پاکستان عاصم منیر (۲۰۲۲–اکنون)

پاکستان فرماندهان نظامی سابق
Ashfaq Kayani
Raheel Sharif
Qamar Javed Bajwa
Masood Aslam
Tariq Khan
Sanaullah Khan Niazi †
Mushtaq Ahmed Baig †
Ameer Faisal Alavi †
Colonel Imam †
Rao Qamar Suleman
Tahir Rafique Butt

نخست‌وزیران سابق
پرویز مشرف (تا ۲۰۰۸)
آصف‌علی زرداری (۲۰۰۸–۲۰۱۳)
ممنون حسین (۲۰۱۳–۲۰۱۸)

افسران ارتش

نور ولی محسود
Maulana Fazlullah †
Khan Said 'Sajna' †
Adnan Rashid
Mangal Bagh †
Hakimullah Mehsud †
Abdullah Mehsud †
Baitullah Mehsud †
Maulvi Nazir †
Hafiz Gul Bahadur †
Omar Khalid Khorasani †[۲۵]
Khalid Balti †
Azam Tariq †
Shahidullah Shahid †
Mullah Dadullah †
Wali-ur-Rehman †
Qari Hussain †
Faqir Mohammed (اسیر)[۲۶]
Maulvi Omar (اسیر)
Muslim Khan (اسیر)
Hayatullah (اسیر)
Shah Dauran †
Sher Muhammad Qusab †
Nek Muhammad Wazir †
Abdul Rashid Ghazi †
Sufi Muhammad (اسیر)[۲۷]
القاعده
ایمن الظواهری †
اسامه بن لادن †
الیاس کشمیری †
Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim †
Atiyah Abd al-Rahman †
Abu Laith al-Libi †
Abu Yahya al-Libi †
Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti †
Saeed al-Masri †
Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam †
Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan †
Sheikh Fateh †[۲۸]
Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah †[۲۹]
Asim Umar †
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (اسیر)
Abu Faraj al-Libbi (اسیر)
Ramzi bin al-Shibh (اسیر)
Abu Zubaydah (اسیر)

داعش داعش
ابوبکر بغدادی †
Hafiz Saeed Khan †[۳۰]
Abdul Rahman Ghaleb †
Abdul Rahim Muslim Dost (2014–2015)[۳۱][۳۲]
عثمان قاضی †[۸][۳۳]
داعش جنبش اسلامی ازبکستان
عثمان قاضی †
Tohir Yuldashev †
Najmiddin Jalolov †
Abu Usman Adil †

جنبش اسلامی ترکستان شرقی
Emeti Yakov †
Memetimin Memet (مجروح)
قوا

پاکستان
200,000 Pakistani troops[۳۴][۳۵]
Unknown no. of air squadrons of Navy and Pakistan Air Force fighter jets, including JF-17 and F-16 jets[۳۶]
~10,000 Frontier Corps

ایالات متحده آمریکا
UAV drones
CIA operatives
U.S. Special Operations Forces[۳۷]

~25,000 TTP militia[۳۸]
~۲٬۰۰۰ لشکر اسلام militia[۳۹]
~۱٬۰۰۰ تحریک نفاذ شریعت محمدی militia[۴۰]
۳۰۰–۳٬۰۰۰ القاعده militants[۴۱]

 داعش

تلفات و خسارات

پاکستان:
4,631 soldiers and LEAs killed (per SATP)[۳][۴]
8,214 killed soldiers and LEAs and 14,583 wounded (per the Watson Institute; by mid-2016)[۴۳]

ایالات متحده آمریکا:
15 soldiers killed (2010)[۴۴]		 29,398 militants killed (per SATP)[۳][۴]
31,000 killed (per the Watson Institute; by mid-2016)[۴۳]

9,394 civilians and 1,946 unidentified killed (per SATP)[۳][۴]
22,100 civilians killed (per the Watson Institute; by mid-2016)[۴۳]
46,872 killed overall (per SATP)[۳][۴]
61,549 killed overall (per the Watson Institute; by mid-2016)[۴۳]
41,819 killed overall all over Pakistan (Uppsala Conflict Data Program; 1989–2019)[۴۵]

Over 3.44 million civilians displaced (2009)[۴۶]

Over 6 million civilians displaced (2003–2019)[۴۷]

جستارهای وابسته

ویرایش

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر

ویرایش
  • Tellis, Ashley J. (2008). "Pakistan and the War on Terror: Conflicted Goals, Compromised Performance" (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Jane Perlez, Pir Zubair Shah (2 October 2008). "Confronting Taliban, Pakistan finds itself at War". The New York Times.
  • Farooq, Umar (11 February 2013). "Civilians bear brunt of Pakistan's war in the northwest". Foreign Policy.

پیوند به بیرون

ویرایش

منابع

ویرایش
  1. ↑ Lieven, Anatol (2017). "Counter-Insurgency in Pakistan: The Role of Legitimacy". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 28: 166–190. doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1266128. S2CID 151355749.
  2. ↑ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
  3. ↑ ۳٫۰ ۳٫۱ ۳٫۲ ۳٫۳ ۳٫۴ "Database – KPK from 2005 to present". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  4. ↑ ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ ۴٫۲ ۴٫۳ ۴٫۴ "Database – FATA from 2005 to present". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  5. ↑ "President signs 'Constitutional Amendment' to merge FATA with KP". nation.com.pk. 31 May 2018. Archived from the original on 31 May 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  6. ↑ ۶٫۰ ۶٫۱ ۶٫۲ "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  7. ↑ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries – NYMag". Daily Intelligencer. 23 November 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  8. ↑ ۸٫۰ ۸٫۱ ۸٫۲ Says, Battu (31 March 2015). "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". The Khaama Press News Agency. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  9. ↑ ۹٫۰ ۹٫۱ ۹٫۲ Mehsud, Katharine Houreld (12 March 2015). "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation | Reuters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  10. ↑ "TTP extends ceasefire till May 30 after 'successful' talks". The Express Tribune (به انگلیسی). 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  11. ↑ Khan, Tahir (18 May 2022). "TTP extends ceasefire until May 30 as talks continue in Afghanistan". DAWN.COM (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  12. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban extend truce for more talks with government". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  13. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban ends ceasefire with gov't, threatens new attacks".
  14. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-militants-pakistan-end-ceasefire-with-government-spokesman-2022-11-28/ [bare URL]
  15. ↑ "Govt decides to evict over 1m foreigners illegally residing in Pakistan: State media". 2 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Pakistan says has eliminated Uighur militants from territory". Reuters. 18 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Peshawar corps commander pays tribute to fallen captain". 9 September 2022.
  18. ↑ "Capt Akash laid to rest with military honours". 17 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Six troops martyred foiling terrorist attempt in Tank". 30 March 2022.
  20. ↑ "Shaheed Lt. Nasir Khalid laid to rest with full military honours | Dunya News". 14 February 2008.
  21. ↑ "Army officer martyred in South Waziristan ambush". 28 September 2020.
  22. ↑ "Captain among two soldiers martyred in terrorist attack". 21 June 2020.
  23. ↑ "Martyr Lieutenant Agha Muqaddas laid to rest". 20 March 2020.
  24. ↑ "Pakistan Army Major, 3 Soldiers Killed in Latest Militant Attacks". 6 July 2023.
  25. ↑ "Top Pakistan Taliban leader killed in Afghanistan roadside attack". Al Jazeera (به انگلیسی). 8 August 2022.
  26. ↑ "Former Pakistani Taliban No 2 arrested in Afghanistan: Reports". Archived from the original on 19 February 2013.
  27. ↑ "Taliban leader killed in firefight with police". Express Tribune. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 30 October 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  28. ↑ "US missile strike 'kills al-Qaeda chief' in Pakistan". BBC News. 28 سپتامبر 2010. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  29. ↑ Sophia Saifi, Ben Brumfield and Susan Candiotti (6 December 2014). "Pakistan kills al Qaeda leader on FBI most wanted list". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  30. ↑ Arif Rafiq. "What Happened to ISIS's Afghanistan-Pakistan Province?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  31. ↑ "Released Gitmo detainee joins ISISNov. 19, 2014 – 2:30 – Former Taliban commander named chief of ISIS in Khorasa". fox news. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  32. ↑ "Local support for dreaded Islamic State growing in Pakistan: Report". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  33. ↑ "IMU announces death of emir, names new leader". The Long War Journal. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  34. ↑ Khalid, M Saeed (10 September 2017). "The on-off partnership". The News International. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  35. ↑ Barnes, Julian E. (23 January 2010). "Pentagon chief defends arms sales to India, Pakistan". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  36. ↑ "Pakistan, Saudi Arabia Cleared for U.S. Arms Buys". Armscontrol.org. 11 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
  37. ↑ "American Dead in Pakistan Bombing Were Special Forces – ABC News". USA: ABC. 3 February 2010. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  38. ↑ Bennett-Jones, Owen (25 April 2014). "Pakistan army eyes Taliban talks with unease". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "A Profile of Mangal Bagh" (PDF). TheLongWarJournal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  40. ↑ "Pak Taliban claims to be using Afghan soil". Rediff News. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  41. ↑ "Al-Qaeda map: Isis, Boko Haram and other affiliates' strongholds across Africa and Asia". 12 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  42. ↑ Terrorist Organizations Reference Guide
  43. ↑ ۴۳٫۰ ۴۳٫۱ ۴۳٫۲ ۴۳٫۳ Crawford, Neta C. "Update on the Human Costs of War for Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2001 to mid-2016" (PDF). Brown University. Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017. The war in Pakistan, which began as Al Qaeda and the Taliban fled from Afghanistan into the northwest region of Pakistan in 2001, has caused almost 62,000 deaths and an additional 67,000 injuries.
  44. ↑ "U.S. Fatalities in and around Afghanistan". iCasualties. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  45. ↑ "Database – Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)". Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  46. ↑ "Red Cross 'gravely concerned' about conditions in Swat Valley". CNN. 31 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2011. Pakistan's Swat Valley, where a month long offensive against the Taliban has displaced more than 2 million civilians.
  47. ↑ "In source: "A majority of the more than 70,000-plus civilians killed in this violence were Pashtuns, while more than 6 million members of the ethnic group have endured displacement since the onset of conflict in 2003."". Rfe/Rl. Gandhara. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  48. ↑ Varun Vira and Anthony Cordesman "Pakistan: Violence versus Stability: A Net Assessment." بایگانی‌شده در ۱۲ اکتبر ۲۰۱۷ توسط Wayback Machine مرکز مطالعات استراتژیک و بین‌المللی, 25 July 2011.
  49. ↑ "The War in Pakistan". The Washington Post. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  50. ↑ Abbas, Zaffar (2004-09-10). "Pakistan's undeclared war". BBC (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2022-05-08.

یادداشت‌ها

ویرایش


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