ویکی‌پدیا

واکسن کووید-۱۹

انواع واکسن کووید ۱۹

واکسن بیماری کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (به انگلیسی: COVID‑19 vaccine) واکسن‌هایی هستند که با هدف ایجاد ایمنی اکتسابی علیه بیماری کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (کووید‑۱۹) در حال طراحی، ساخت یا تولید هستند. اقداماتی که در گذشته به منظور تهیهٔ واکسن علیه بیماری‌های کروناویروسی مانند نشانگان تنفسی حاد و نشانگان تنفسی خاورمیانه انجام شد، باعث افزایش اطلاعات در مورد ساختار و عملکرد کروناویروس‌ها شده‌است. این اطلاعات به دانشمندان کمک می‌کند که با سرعتی بالاتر از حد معمول، واکسن‌هایی متعد و نوآورانه برای مقابله با کووید‑۱۹ طراحی و تولید کنند.[۱]

وضعیت مجوز استفاده از واکسن‌های کووید-۱۹ در کشورهای مختلف
  تأیید شده برای استفاده عمومی، واکسیناسیون دسته جمعی در حال انجام است
  
مجوز استفاده اضطراری (یا معادل آن) واکسیناسیون دسته جمعی در حال انجام است
  EUA granted, limited vaccination
  Approved for general use, mass vaccination planned
  EUA granted, mass vaccination planned
  EUA pending

تا ژانویهٔ ۲۰۲۱ تعداد ۶۹ واکسن پیشنهادی در مرحلهٔ کارازمایی بالینیقرار گرفت که شامل ۴۳ واکسن در فازهای ۱ و ۲ و ۲۶ واکسن در فازهای ۲ و ۳ می‌شد.[۲] در فاز ۳ چندین واکسن پیشنهادی دارای تأثیری ۹۵درصدی در جلوگیری از ابتلا به کووید-۱۹ گزارش شده‌اند. تا آوریل ۲۰۲۱ تعداد ۱۷ واکسن، حداقل از یک کشور مجوز استفاده درمانی برای تزریق و استفادهٔ عمومی را دریافت کرده‌اند. این واکسن‌ها شامل ۲ واکسن RNA (واکسن کووید-۱۹ فایزر و واکسن کووید-۱۹ مدرنا)، ۸ واکسن ویروس غیرفعال (کروناواک،) سینوفارم، کوواکسین، کووایران برکت، کووی‌واک، Minhai-Kangtai, QazVac و WIBP-CorV و بی‌بی‌آی‌بی‌پی-کروی)، ۶ واکسن ناقل ویروسی (اسپوتنیک V، اسپوتنیک لایت، جانسون اند جانسون، Convidecia و آکسفورد-آسترازنکا) و ۲ واکسن پپتیدی (EpiVacCorona و RBD-Dimer) هستند.[۳] بسیاری از کشورها اولویت دریافت واکسن را به گروه‌های جمعیتی با خطر بالا مانند افراد مسن و افراد در معرض ابتلا مانند کادر درمانی اختصاص داده‌اند.[۴] طبق آمار رسمی تا ۶ ژوئن ۲۰۲۱ حدود ۲/۱۵ میلیارد دوز واکسن در سراسر دنیا به افراد تزریق شده‌است.[۵] فایزر، مدرنا و آسترازنکا پیش‌بینی کرده‌اند که تا پایان سال ۲۰۲۱ می‌توانند ۵/۳ میلیارد دوز واکسن تولید کنند که این تعداد می‌تواند حدود ۳ میلیارد نفر را واکسینه کند. تا ماه دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ بیش از ۱۰ میلیارد دوز واکسن توسط کشورهای مختلف، پیش سفارش شد.[۶] حدود نیمی از این تعداد توسط کشورهای ثروتمندی خریداری شده‌اند که در مجموع تنها ۱۴ درصد از جمعیت دنیا را شامل می‌شوند.[۷]

تاریخچه

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تا ماه اکتبر ۲۰۲۰، بیش از ۳۲۱ واکسن کاندید در سطح جهان در حال توسعه بودند. که ۲٫۵ برابر نسبت به آوریل آن سال بود.[۸] در نوامبر، ۵۶ واکسن کاندید در حال پژوهش بالینی بودند: ۴۱ واکسن در فاز آزمایش‌های ۱–۲ و ۱۵ تا فاز 2-3.[۸][۹][۱۰][۱۱] در نوامبر ۲۰۲۰، فایزر[۱۲] مدرنا[۱۳] دانشگاه آکسفورد (در همکاری با آسترازنکا),[۱۴][۱۵] نتایج مثبتی از تحلیل‌های آزمایش‌های مقدماتی فاز ۳ واکسن شان اعلام کردند.

سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO)، ائتلاف نوآوری‌های آمادگی همه‌گیری (CEPI) و بنیاد بیل و ملیندا گیتس (GF) برای این احتمال که واکسن‌های متعددی به منظور جلوگیری از از ادامه بیماری کووید-۱۹ مورد نیاز خواهد بود متعهد پول و منابع سازمانی شده‌اند.[۱۶]

در فوریه سال ۲۰۲۰، سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHO) اعلام کرد که انتظار نمی‌رود واکسنی علیه کووید-۱۹، در مدت کمتر از ۱۸ ماه عرضه شود.[۱۷] نظر ائتلاف برای نوآوری‌های آمادگی اپیدمی (CEPI) که برای سرمایه‌گذاری سریع و توسعه کاندیداهای واکسن، یک صندوق ۲ دلار آمریکا میلیارد دلاری در سراسر جهان سازماندهی می‌کند[۱۸] در ماه آوریل حاکی از آن بود که واکسنی تحت پروتکل‌های استفادهٔ اضطراری در کمتر از ۱۲ ماه یا در اوایل سال ۲۰۲۱ ممکن است در دسترس باشد.[۱۹]

تا ماه مه، ۱۲۰ نامزد واکسن در حال توسعه بودند،[۱۹][۲۰] که پنج تا در فاز مطالعات ایمنی و کارایی در افراد انسانی I-II، و شش تا در فاز I آزمایش‌ها بودند.

وضعیت آزمایش و مجوز

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واکسن‌های مجاز و تأیید شده

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نهادهای ملی تاکنون به نه واکسن، جواز استفاده اضطراری داده‌اند. سه تا از این‌ها از سوی نهادهای نظارتی سختگیر تأیید شدند

واکسن‌های مجاز برای استفاده اضطراری یا تأیید شده برای استفاده کامل
واکسن، توسعه دهنده/حامی فناوری فاز در جریان (شرکت کنندگان) فاز تکمیل شده [الف] (شرکت کنندگان) جواز
واکسن کووید-۱۹ فایزر–بیوان‌تک (Comirnaty)[۲۱][۲۲][۲۳]
بیوان‌تک، فایزر، داروسازی فوسان 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (modRNA به صورت کپسول در نانو ذره‌های لیپیدی) فاز III ‏(۴۳,۴۴۸)
تصادفی، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو.
نتایج مثبت در تحلیل موقت در ۱۸ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ اعلام[۲۴]و گزارش دربارهٔ اثربخشی ۹۵٪ در ۱۰ دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ منتشر شد.[۲۵][۲۶]
مکان(ها): آلمان، ایالات متحده
مدت : ژوئیه ۲۰۲۰ – نوامبر ۲۰۲۰[۲۷][۲۸] 		فاز I–II ‏(۴۵)
پادتن‌های جی قوی بسیار چسبنده به آربی‌دی و آنتی‌بادی خنثی کننده ۷ روز پس از یک دوز یادآور به اوج خود رسیدند، پاسخ مقاوم لنفوسیت تی CD4+ و CD8+ , ماندگاری نامشخص.[۲۹]
مدت : مه ۲۰۲۰ –
اضطراری (۲۲)
کامل (۱۰)
واکسن کووید-۱۹ مدرنا[۷۱][۷۲]
مدرنا، مؤسسه ملی آلرژی و بیماری‌های عفونی، BARDA, CEPI 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (modRNA قرار گرفته به صورت کپسول در ریزذره‌های لیپیدی) فاز III ‏(۳۰٬۰۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ مطالعه تصادفی، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو برای تضمین اثربخشی، ایمنی و ایمنی زایی انجام شده.
نتایج مثبت از یک آزمایش موقت در ۱۵ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ اعلام شد[۷۳] و در ۳۰ دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ اثربخشی کل ۹۴٫۱٪ اعلام شد.[۷۴]
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده
مدت : ژوئیه 2020 – اکتبر ۲۰۲۲ 		فاز I–II ‏(۷۲۰)[۷۵][۷۶]
Dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response on two-dose schedule; undetermined durability.[۷۷][۷۸][۷۹]
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده
مدت : مارس 2020 – نوامبر ۲۰۲۱
اضطراری (۶)
کامل (۵)
ای‌زددی۱۲۲۲[پ][ت][۹۸][۹۹][۱۰۰]
دانشگاه آکسفورد، آسترازنکا، CEPI 		واکسن vector آدنوویروس (اصلاح شامپانزه معمولی وکتور آدنوویروس شامپانزه شده، ChAdOx1) فاز III ‏(۳۰۰۰۰)
مداخله‌ای؛ کارآزمایی تصادفی کنترل‌شده برای اثربخشی، ایمنی زایی و ایمنی.[۱۰۱]
نتایج یک تحلیل موقت از چهار آزمایش در جریان در ۲۳ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ اعلام و در ۸ دسامبر ۲۰۲۰ منتشر شد. اثربخشی کل ۷۰٪ بود، و از ۶۲٪ تا ۹۰٪ در دزهای مختلف متغیر بود[۱۰۲]
مکان(ها): برزیل (۵٬۰۰۰),[۱۰۳] United Kingdom, India[۱۰۴]
مدت : May 2020 – Aug 2021 		فاز I–II ‏(۵۴۳)
Spike-specific antibodies at day 28; neutralizing antibodies پس از یک دوز یادآور at day 56.[۱۰۵]
اضطراری (۱۸)
کامل (۰)
  • هنوز ندارد
اسپوتنیک ۵ (Спутник V)
مرکز ملی تحقیقات اپیدمیولوژی و میکروبیولوژی گامالیا 		واکسن وکتوری آدنوویروس فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
آزمایش تصادفی، کور مضاعف، کنترل شده با پلاسیبو به منظور ارزیابی اثربخشی، ایمنی زایی و ایمنی.[۱۲۶]
تحلیل موقت از آزمایش‌ها منتشر شده در لنست, اثربخشی ۹۱٫۶٪ای بدون اثرات جانبی نامعمول را نشان می‌دهد.[۱۲۷]
مکان(ها): روسیه، بلاروس،[۱۲۸] هند،[۱۲۹][۱۳۰] ونزوئلا،[۱۳۱] امارات[۱۳۲]
مدت : اوت ۲۰۲۰ – مه ۲۰۲۱ 		فاز I–II ‏(۷۶)
پاسخ‌های آنتی‌بادی خنثی‌کننده و لنفوسیت تی.[۱۳۳]
مکان(ها): روسیه
مدت : ژوئن 2020[۱۳۳] – سپتامبر ۲۰۲۰
اضطراری (۱۵)
کامل (۰)
  • هنوز ندارد
بی‌بی‌آی‌بی‌پی-کروی[۱۴۸]
گروه دارویی ملی چین: Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products 		واکسن کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ غیرفعال شده (vero cell) فاز III ‏(۴۸٬۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blind, parallel placebo-controlled, to evaluate safety and protective efficacy.
Sinopharm's internal analysis indicated a 79% efficacy.[۱۴۹]
مکان(ها): United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Jordan,[۱۵۰] Argentina,[۱۵۱] Morocco,[۱۵۲] Peru[۱۵۳]
مدت : ژوئیه 2020 – Jul ۲۰۲۱ 		فاز I–II ‏(۳۲۰)
Neutralizing antibodies at day 14 after 2 injections[۱۵۴]
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : Apr 2020 – ژوئن ۲۰۲۰
اضطراری (7)
Iran
کامل (۳)
کروناواک[۱۶۴][۱۶۵][۱۶۶]
Sinovac 		غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز III ‏(۳۳,۶۲۰)
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy and safety.
Positive results from an interim analysis of a small sample were announced by ترکیه on 24 December 2020, with an efficacy of 91%.[۱۶۷] Additional results were announced by اندونزی on 11 January, with an overall efficacy of 65.3%.[۱۶۸] The vaccine was 50.4% effective at preventing symptomatic infections in a Brazilian trial.[۱۶۹]
مکان(ها): Brazil (15,000);[۱۷۰] Chile (3,000);[۱۷۱] Indonesia (1,620); Turkey (13,000)[۱۷۲]
مدت : ژوئیه 2020 – Oct 2021 in Brazil; اوت ۲۰۲۰ – Jan 2021 in Indonesia 		فاز II ‏(۶۰۰)
Immunogenicity eliciting 92% seroconversion at lower dose and 98% at higher dose after 14 days[۱۷۳]
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : May 2020 –
اضطراری (6)
کامل (۰)
  • None yet
Ad5-nCoV (Convidicea)
CanSino Biologics, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences 		آدنوویروس vector vaccine (واکسن adenovirus سروتیپ 5 vector) فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Global multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy, safety and immunogenicity.
مکان(ها): China, Argentina, Chile,[۱۷۹] Mexico,[۱۸۰] Pakistan,[۱۸۱] Russia,[۱۸۲] Saudi Arabia[۱۸۳][۱۸۴]
مدت : Mar. – Dec. 2020, China; Sep. 2020 – Dec. 2021, Pakistan; Sep. 2020 – Nov. 2020, Russia[۱۸۲] 		فاز II ‏(۵۰۸)
Neutralizing antibody and لنفوسیت تی responses[۱۸۵]
اضطراری (۱)
کامل (۰)
  • None yet
EpiVacCorona [ru][۱۸۸]
Vector 		Peptide vaccine[۱۸۸] فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled to evaluate efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety
مکان(ها): Russia[۱۸۹]
مدت : نوامبر ۲۰۲۰ – دسامبر ۲۰۲۱ 		فاز I–II ‏(۱۰۰)
Simple, blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity[۱۸۸]
مکان(ها): Russia
مدت : ژوئیه 2020[۱۸۸] – Sep 2020[۱۹۰]
اضطراری (۱)
کامل (۰)
  • None yet
بی‌بی‌وی۱۵۲ (Covaxin)
بهارات بیوتک، Indian Council of Medical Research 		کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز III ‏(۲۵٬۸۰۰)
Randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled[۱۹۳]
مکان(ها): India[۱۹۴]
مدت : نوامبر 2020 – مارس ۲۰۲۱ 		فاز I ‏(۳۷۵)
Dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response on two-dose schedule. Pending Phase II reports.[۱۹۵]
اضطراری (۱)
کامل (۰)
  • None yet
SpikoGen COVID-19 Vaccine واکسن نوترکیب A Phase III, Randomized, Two-armed, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of an Adjuvanted Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) Protein Subunit Vaccine Candidate (SpikoGen)[۱۹۶]

واکسن‌های کاندید

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کاندیدهای واکسن کووید -۱۹ در آزمایش‌های فاز I–III[۹][۱۰][۱۱]
واکسن‌های کاندید،
توسعه دهنده‌ها، و حامیان 		فناوری فاز فعلی (شرکت کنندگان)
طراحی 		فاز تکمیل شده [ث] (شرکت کنندگان)
پاسخ ایمنی 		جواز در حال انتظار
Ad26.COV2.S [۱۹۷][۱۹۸]
جانسن فارماسیوتیکا (جانسون و جانسون), BIDMC 		آدنوویروس وکتور واکسن (adenovirus serotype 26) فاز III ‏(۴۰,۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده، Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa and Ukraine
مدت : Jul 2020 – 2023 		فاز I–II ‏(۱٬۰۴۵)
Neutralizing-antibody titers against wild-type virus were detected in 90% or more of all participants on day 29 after the first vaccine dose and reached 100% by day 57 with a further increase in titers, regardless of vaccine dose or age group. Titers remained stable until at least day 71.[۱۹۹]
NVX-CoV2373 [۲۰۰]
Novavax, CEPI 		Subunit vaccine (کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ واکسن spike protein نانوذره with adjuvant) فاز III ‏(۴۵٬۰۰۰)
Randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial[۲۰۱]
مکان(ها): UK (15,000); US, Mexico (30,000)[۲۰۲]
مدت : Sep 2020 – Jan 2021 (UK); Dec 2020 – Mar 2021 (US, Mexico) 		فاز I–II ‏(۱۳۱)
پادتن جی and neutralizing antibody response with adjuvant after دوز یادآور.[۲۰۳]
ZF2001 (RBD-Dimer)[۹]
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. 		Subunit vaccine (واکسن) فاز III ‏(۲۹٬۰۰۰)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[۲۰۴]
مکان(ها): چین، Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Uzbekistan[۲۰۵][۲۰۶]
مدت : Dec 2020 – Apr 2022 		فاز II ‏(۹۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[۲۰۷]
مکان(ها): چونگ‌کینگ
مدت : Jun 2020 – Sep 2021
Zorecimeran (CVnCoV)
CureVac, CEPI 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید (unmodified RNA)[۲۰۸] فاز III ‏(۳۶٬۵۰۰)[۲۰۹]
Phase 2b/3: Multicenter efficacy and safety trial in adults
مکان(ها): Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Dominican Republic, France, آلمان، Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Spain
مدت : Nov 2020 – ? 		فاز I–II ‏(۹۴۴)[۲۱۰][۲۱۱]
Phase 1 (284): Partially blind, controlled, dose-escalation to evaluate safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity.
Phase 2a (660):Partially observer-blind, multicenter, controlled, dose-confirmation.
مکان(ها): Belgium (P1), آلمان (P1), Panama (2a), Peru (2a)
مدت : Jun 2020 – Oct 2021
ZyCoV-D[۲۱۲]
Cadila Healthcare 		DNA vaccine (پلاسمید expressing کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ S protein) فاز III ‏(۲۶٬۰۰۰)[۲۱۳]
مکان(ها): India[۲۱۴]
مدت : Jan 2021 – ? 		فاز I–II ‏(۱٬۰۰۰)
مداخله ای؛ randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled[۲۱۵][۲۱۶]
مکان(ها): India
مدت : Jul 2020 – Jan 2021
CoVLP[۲۱۷]
Medicago, گلاکسواسمیت‌کلاین 		ذرات شبه‌ویروسs[ج] (واکسن، plant-based with AS03) فاز II–III ‏(۳۰٬۶۱۲)
Event-driven, randomized, observer blinded, placebo-controlled[۲۱۹]
مکان(ها): Canada
مدت : Nov 2020 – آوریل ۲۰۲۲ 		فاز I ‏(۱۸۰)
Neutralizing antibodies at day 42 after the first injection (day 21 after the second injection) were at levels 10x that of COVID-19 survivors.
IIBR-100 (Brilife)[۲۲۰]
The Israel Institute for Biological research 		Vesicular stomatitis vector vaccine (واکسن) فاز II ‏(۱٬۰۰۰)[۲۲۱]
مکان(ها): Israel
مدت : Dec 2020 – spring 2021 		فاز I ‏(۸۰)[۲۲۰]
Subjects (18-55 years old) randomly receiving a single administration of IIBR-100 at the low, mid, or high dose, or saline, or two administrations at a low dose, or saline, 28 days apart.
مکان(ها): Israel
مدت : Oct – Nov 2020
FINLAY-FR-2 (SOBERANA 02)
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas 		Conjugate vaccine[۲۲۲] فاز II ‏(۹۱۰)[۲۲۳]
Allocation: Randomized controlled trial. Masking: Double Blind. Control group: Placebo. Study design: Parallel.
مکان(ها): Cuba
مدت : Jan  – مارس ۲۰۲۱ 		فاز I ‏(۴۰)[۲۲۴]
Allocation: Non-randomized controlled trial. Masking: Open. Control group: Uncontrolled. Study design: Adaptive, sequential
مکان(ها): Cuba
مدت : نوامبر ۲۰۲۰  – ژانویه ۲۰۲۱
INO-4800[چ][۲۲۵][۲۲۶]
Inovio, CEPI, Korea National Institute of Health, International Vaccine Institute 		DNA vaccine (plasmid delivered by الکتروپوراسیون) فاز I–II ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): ایالات متحده، South Korea
مدت : Apr–Nov 2020 		پیشاکلینیکی
Pending Phase I report.
Unnamed[۲۲۷]
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 		غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine فاز I–II ‏(۹۴۲)
Randomized, double-blinded, single-center, placebo-controlled
مکان(ها): چنگدو
مدت : Jun 2020 – Sep 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
AG0301-COVID‑19[۲۲۸]
AnGes Inc. ,[۲۲۹] AMED 		DNA vaccine (plasmid) فاز I–II ‏(۳۰)
Non-randomized, single-center, two doses
مکان(ها): اوساکا
مدت : Jun 2020 – Jul 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
Lunar-COV19/ARCT-021[۲۳۰][۲۳۱]
Arcturus Therapeutics 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I–II ‏(۹۲)
Randomized, double-blinded
مکان(ها): Singapore
مدت : Aug 2020 – ? 		پیشاکلینیکی
VLA2001 [۲۳۲][۲۳۳]
Valneva 		غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ واکسن فاز I–II ‏(۱۵۰)
Randomized, multi-center, double-blinded
مکان(ها): United Kingdom
مدت : Dec 2020 – Feb 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
COVID‑19/aAPC[۲۳۴]
Shenzhen Genoimmune Medical Institute[۲۳۵] 		Lentiviral vector vaccine (with minigene modifying aAPCs) فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)
مکان(ها): شنژن
مدت : مارس 2020 – ۲۰۲۳ 		پیشاکلینیکی
LV-SMENP-DC[۲۳۶]
Shenzhen Genoimmune Medical Institute[۲۳۵] 		Lentiviral vector vaccine (with minigene modifying سلول‌های دندریتیک) فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)
مکان(ها): شنژن
مدت : مارس 2020 – ۲۰۲۳ 		پیشاکلینیکی
LNP-nCoVsaRNA[۲۳۷]
شورای تحقیقات پزشکی (انگلستان) clinical trials unit در امپریال کالج لندن 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۰۵)
Randomized trial, with dose escalation study (15) and expanded safety study (at least 200)
مکان(ها): United Kingdom
مدت : Jun 2020 – Jul 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
GRAd-COV2[۲۳۸][۲۳۹]
ReiThera, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases 		آدنوویروس vector vaccine (modified شامپانزه معمولی adenovirus vector, GRAd) فاز I ‏(۹۰)[۲۴۰]
Subjects (two groups: 18-55 and 65-85 years old) randomly receiving one of three escalating doses of GRAd-COV2 or a placebo, then monitored over a 24-week period. 92.5% of subjects who received GRAd-COV2 developed anti-bodies.
مکان(ها): رم
مدت : Aug – Dec 2020 		پیشاکلینیکی
GX-19[۲۴۱][۲۴۲]
Genexine consortium,[۲۴۳] International Vaccine Institute 		DNA vaccine فاز I ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): سئول
مدت : Jun 2020 – Jun 2022 		پیشاکلینیکی
SCB-2019[۲۴۴][۲۴۵]
Clover Biopharmaceuticals,[۲۴۶] گلاکسواسمیت‌کلاین، CEPI 		Subunit vaccine (Spike protein trimeric subunit with AS03) فاز I ‏(۱۵۰)
مکان(ها): پرت (استرالیا)
مدت : Jun 2020 – Mar 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
COVAX-19[۲۴۷]
Vaxine Pty Ltd[۲۴۸] 		Subunit vaccine (واکسن پروتئین) فاز I ‏(۴۰)
مکان(ها): آدلاید
مدت : Jun 2020 – Jul 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
Unnamed[۲۴۹]
PLA Academy of Military Science, Walvax Biotech[۲۵۰] 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۶۸)
مکان(ها): چین
مدت : Jun 2020 – Dec 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
HGC019[۲۵۱]
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, HDT Biotech Corporation[۲۵۲] 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۲۰)[۲۵۳]
مکان(ها): هند
مدت : Jan 2021 – 		پیشاکلینیکی
Bangavax [۲۵۴][۲۵۵] Globe Biotech Ltd of Bangladesh واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۱۰۰)[۲۵۴][۲۵۶]
Randomized, Parallel Group Trial
مکان(ها): Bangladesh
مدت : Feb 2021 – Feb 2022[۲۵۷] 		پیشاکلینیکی
Unnamed[۲۵۸]
Biological E. Limited, کالج پزشکی بیلور[۲۵۹] 		غیرفعال شده کروناویروس سندرم شدید حاد تنفسی ۲ vaccine (using an antigen) فاز I–II ‏(۳۶۰)[۲۶۰]
Randomized, Parallel Group Trial
مکان(ها): India
مدت : Nov 2020 – Feb 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
Nano Covax[۲۶۱]
Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC 		واکسن spike protein[۲۶۲] فاز I ‏(۶۰)[۲۶۱]
مکان(ها): ویتنام
مدت : Dec 2020 – Jan 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
Tested on mice, hamsters, and monkeys. Approved for human clinical trials by the Vietnam Ministry of Health.[۲۶۲]
PTX-COVID19-B[۲۶۳]
Providence Therapeutics 		واکسن ریبونوکلئیک اسید فاز I ‏(۶۰)[۲۶۳]
مکان(ها): کانادا
مدت : Jan 2021 – May 2021 		پیشاکلینیکی
SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp/V451[۲۶۴][۲۶۵]
دانشگاه کوئینزلند، Syneos Health, CEPI, Seqirus 		Subunit vaccine (molecular clamp stabilized spike protein with MF59) ? ‏(۱۲۰)
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging.
False positive HIV test found among participants.
مکان(ها): بریزبن
مدت : Jul–Oct 2020
V590[۲۶۶] and V591/MV-SARS-CoV-2[۲۶۷] مرک اند کو. (Themis BIOscience), انستیتو پاستور، University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Vaccine Research (CVR), CEPI Terminated[۲۶۸]
  1. ↑ جدیدترین فازی که نتایجش منتشر شده.
  2. ↑ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ جواز آمریکا همچنین کشورهای دارای حاکمیت ملی در پیمان اتحادیه آزاد را شامل می‌شود: پالائو، جزایر مارشال، و ایالات فدرال میکرونزی.[۵۳][۵۴]
  3. ↑ مؤسسه سرم هند آن را برای ChAdOx1  nCoV-19هند[۹۵] و دیگر کشورهای کم درآمد خواهد ساخت.[۹۶]
  4. ↑ Oxford name: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Manufacturing in Brazil to be carried out by Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.[۹۷]
  5. ↑ Latest Phase with published results.
  6. ↑ Virus-like particles grown in نیکوتیان[۲۱۸]
  7. ↑ South Korean Phase I–II in parallel with Phase I in the US

جستارهای وابسته

ویرایش

منابع

ویرایش
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