ATG5

ATG5
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	4GDK, 4GDL, 4NAW, 4TQ0, 4TQ1, 5D7G
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	ATG5, APG5, APG5-LIKE, APG5L, ASP, hAPG5, autophagy related 5, SCAR25
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 604261 MGI: 1277186 HomoloGene: 3566 GeneCards: ATG5
موقعیت ژن (موش)
کروموزوم	کروموزوم ۱۰ (موش)
پایان	44,240,287 bp
الگوی گسترش RNA
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• Atg8 ligase activity; • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی;
ترکیبات سلولی	• سیتوپلاسم; • phagophore assembly site membrane; • سیتوزول; • phagocytic vesicle membrane; • membrane; • Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex; • autophagosome; • GO:0035085 ساقه مژکی; • mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane;
فرایند زیستی	• immune system process; • negative regulation of cell death; • C-terminal protein lipidation; • autophagy of nucleus; • cellular response to nitrogen starvation; • GO:0097285 مرگ برنامه‌ریزی‌شده یاخته; • autophagosome assembly; • میتوفاژی; • blood vessel remodeling; • cellular response to starvation; • response to fungus; • macroautophagy; • cellular homeostasis; • antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen; • negative regulation of protein ubiquitination; • aggrephagy; • negative stranded viral RNA replication; • اتساع عروق; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • پیرایش پسارونویسی; • negative thymic T cell selection; • otolith development; • negative regulation of phagocytosis; • regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; • ventricular cardiac muscle cell development; • heart contraction; • protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly; • positive regulation of mucus secretion; • cellular response to nitrosative stress; • regulation of cilium assembly; • GO:1904489 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; • negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; • negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation; • خودخواری;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	9474
	11793
	ENSG00000057663
	ENSMUSG00000038160
	Q9H1Y0
	Q99J83
	NM_001286107، NM_001286108، NM_001286111، NM_004849، NR_104402، NR_104403، XM_024446590، XM_047419573، XM_047419574 NM_001286106، NM_001286107، NM_001286108، NM_001286111، NM_004849، NR_104402، NR_104403، XM_024446590، XM_047419573، XM_047419574
	XM_011243108، NM_001314013، XM_017313783، NM_001358596 NM_053069، XM_011243108، NM_001314013، XM_017313783، NM_001358596
	NP_001273036، NP_001273037، NP_001273040، NP_004840، XP_024302358 NP_001273035، NP_001273036، NP_001273037، NP_001273040، NP_004840، XP_024302358
	NP_444299، XP_011241410، XP_017169272، NP_001345525 NP_001300942، NP_444299، XP_011241410، XP_017169272، NP_001345525
	ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان	مشاهده/ویرایش موش

مولکول ۵ مرتبط با خودخواری (انگلیسی: Autophagy related 5) یک پروتئین است که در انسان توسط ژن «ATG5» کُدگذاری می‌شود. این ژن بر روی بازوی بلند کروموزوم ۶ واقع شده‌است.

اهمیت بالینی ویرایش

این پروتئین یک مولکول حیاتی است که در گسترش غشای فاگوفوریک در وزیکول‌های خودخواری نقش دارد و توسط پروتئین پی۵۳ کنترل و تنظیم می‌شود. هرگونه اشکال و تغییر در این پروتئین می‌تواند منجر به اختلال در خودخواری و بروز بیماری گردد. به عنوان مثال چندریختی ژن «ATG5» با بروز بیماری بهجت،^[۴] لوپوس اریتماتوس^[۵] و لوپوس کلیوی^[۶] مرتبط است. جهش در پروموتر این ژن با بروز بیماری پارکینسون^[۷] و آسم دوران کودکی^[۸] هم در ارتباط است. همچنین کاهش در ساخت این پروتئین و جهش در ژن «ATG5» با سرطان پروستات،^[۹] سرطان دستگاه گوارش،^[۱۰] سرطان روده بزرگ^[۱۱] در ارتباط است. از طرفی افزایش بیش از حد این پروتئین سبب کاهش سرطان‌زایی ملانوما می‌شود.^[۱۲] این پروتئین همچنین نقش محافظتی علیه عفونت‌های مایکوباکتریوم توبرکلوزیس دارد.^[۱۳]

منابع ویرایش

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038160 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Zheng M, Yu H, Zhang L, Li H, Liu Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P (December 2015). "Association of ATG5 Gene Polymorphisms With Behçet's Disease and ATG10 Gene Polymorphisms With VKH Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 56 (13): 8280–7. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18035. PMID 26747760.
↑ Zhang YM, Cheng FJ, Zhou XJ, Qi YY, Zhao MH, Zhang H (June 2015). "Rare Variants of ATG5 Are Likely to Be Associated With Chinese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Medicine. 94 (22): e939. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000939. PMC 4616363. PMID 26039132.
↑ Zhang YM, Cheng FJ, Zhou XJ, Qi YY, Hou P, Zhao MH, Zhang H (2015). "Detecting Genetic Associations between ATG5 and Lupus Nephritis by trans-eQTL". Journal of Immunology Research. 2015: 153132. doi:10.1155/2015/153132. PMC 4609853. PMID 26509176.
↑ Chen D, Zhu C, Wang X, Feng X, Pang S, Huang W, Hawley RG, Yan B (March 2013). "A novel and functional variant within the ATG5 gene promoter in sporadic Parkinson's disease". Neuroscience Letters. 538: 49–53. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.044. PMID 23384565. S2CID 25784787.
↑ Martin LJ, Gupta J, Jyothula SS, Butsch Kovacic M, Biagini Myers JM, Patterson TL, Ericksen MB, He H, Gibson AM, Baye TM, Amirisetty S, Tsoras AM, Sha Y, Eissa NT, Hershey GK (2012). "Functional variant in the autophagy-related 5 gene promotor [کذا] is associated with childhood asthma". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e33454. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033454. PMC 3335039. PMID 22536318.
↑ Li X, Li C, Zhu LH (January 2015). "[Correlation of autophagy-associated gene Atg5 with tumorigenesis of prostate cancer]". Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology. 21 (1): 31–4. PMID 25707136.
↑ An CH, Kim MS, Yoo NJ, Park SW, Lee SH (July 2011). "Mutational and expressional analyses of ATG5, an autophagy-related gene, in gastrointestinal cancers". Pathology, Research and Practice. 207 (7): 433–7. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2011.05.002. PMID 21664058.
↑ Cho DH, Jo YK, Kim SC, Park IJ, Kim JC (September 2012). "Down-regulated expression of ATG5 in colorectal cancer". Anticancer Research. 32 (9): 4091–6. PMID 22993366.
↑ Liu H, He Z, Simon HU (February 2014). "Autophagy suppresses melanoma tumorigenesis by inducing senescence". Autophagy. 10 (2): 372–3. doi:10.4161/auto.27163. PMC 5396100. PMID 24300435.
↑ Kimmey JM, Huynh JP, Weiss LA, Park S, Kambal A, Debnath J, Virgin HW, Stallings CL (December 2015). "Unique role for ATG5 in neutrophil-mediated immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection". Nature. 528 (7583): 565–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..565K. doi:10.1038/nature16451. PMC 4842313. PMID 26649827.

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر ویرایش

Grand RJ, Milner AE, Mustoe T, Johnson GD, Owen D, Grant ML, Gregory CD (June 1995). "A novel protein expressed in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis". Experimental Cell Research. 218 (2): 439–51. doi:10.1006/excr.1995.1177. PMID 7796880.
Mizushima N, Sugita H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y (December 1998). "A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (51): 33889–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.33889. PMID 9852036.
Schmeiser K, Armstrong S, Hammond EM, Grand RJ (2000). "Assignment of the yeast APG5 human homologue APG5L to chromosome band 6q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 87 (3–4): 213–4. doi:10.1159/000015471. PMID 10702672. S2CID 30950229.
Pyo JO, Yoo SM, Ahn HH, Nah J, Hong SH, Kam TI, Jung S, Jung YK (2013). "Overexpression of Atg5 in mice activates autophagy and extends lifespan". Nature Communications. 4 (2300): 2300. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2300P. doi:10.1038/ncomms3300. PMC 3753544. PMID 23939249.
Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Hatano M, Kobayashi Y, Kabeya Y, Suzuki K, Tokuhisa T, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T (February 2001). "Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 152 (4): 657–68. doi:10.1083/jcb.152.4.657. PMC 2195787. PMID 11266458.
Chen Y, Peng XZ, Piao YJ (November 2001). "[Bioinformatics analysis of autophagy 5 gene structure]". Yi Chuan Xue Bao = Acta Genetica Sinica. 28 (11): 1077–84. PMID 11725643.
Tanida I, Tanida-Miyake E, Komatsu M, Ueno T, Kominami E (April 2002). "Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 13739–44. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200385200. PMID 11825910.
Tanida I, Nishitani T, Nemoto T, Ueno T, Kominami E (September 2002). "Mammalian Apg12p, but not the Apg12p.Apg5p conjugate, facilitates LC3 processing". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 296 (5): 1164–70. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02057-0. PMID 12207896.
Yung HW, Xue L, Tolkovsky AM (November 2002). "Apoptosis-specific protein (ASP 45 kDa) is distinct from human Apg5, the homologue of the yeast autophagic gene apg5". FEBS Letters. 531 (2): 168–72. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03497-X. PMID 12417306. S2CID 21314619.
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y (December 2002). "Mouse Apg10 as an Apg12-conjugating enzyme: analysis by the conjugation-mediated yeast two-hybrid method". FEBS Letters. 532 (3): 450–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03739-0. PMID 12482611. S2CID 37247321.
Mizushima N, Kuma A, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto A, Matsubae M, Takao T, Natsume T, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T (May 2003). "Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD-repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate". Journal of Cell Science. 116 (Pt 9): 1679–88. doi:10.1242/jcs.00381. PMID 12665549.
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Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, Sakakibara Y, Chiba J, Mizushima-Sugano J, Nakai K, Sugano S (September 2004). "Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions". Genome Research. 14 (9): 1711–8. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMC 515316. PMID 15342556.

پیوند به بیرون ویرایش

مکان ژنوم ATG5 انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی ATG5 در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.

[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038160 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Zheng M, Yu H, Zhang L, Li H, Liu Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P (December 2015). "Association of ATG5 Gene Polymorphisms With Behçet's Disease and ATG10 Gene Polymorphisms With VKH Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 56 (13): 8280–7. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18035. PMID 26747760.

[5] Zhang YM, Cheng FJ, Zhou XJ, Qi YY, Zhao MH, Zhang H (June 2015). "Rare Variants of ATG5 Are Likely to Be Associated With Chinese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Medicine. 94 (22): e939. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000939. PMC 4616363. PMID 26039132.

[6] Zhang YM, Cheng FJ, Zhou XJ, Qi YY, Hou P, Zhao MH, Zhang H (2015). "Detecting Genetic Associations between ATG5 and Lupus Nephritis by trans-eQTL". Journal of Immunology Research. 2015: 153132. doi:10.1155/2015/153132. PMC 4609853. PMID 26509176.

[7] Chen D, Zhu C, Wang X, Feng X, Pang S, Huang W, Hawley RG, Yan B (March 2013). "A novel and functional variant within the ATG5 gene promoter in sporadic Parkinson's disease". Neuroscience Letters. 538: 49–53. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.044. PMID 23384565. S2CID 25784787.

[8] Martin LJ, Gupta J, Jyothula SS, Butsch Kovacic M, Biagini Myers JM, Patterson TL, Ericksen MB, He H, Gibson AM, Baye TM, Amirisetty S, Tsoras AM, Sha Y, Eissa NT, Hershey GK (2012). "Functional variant in the autophagy-related 5 gene promotor [کذا] is associated with childhood asthma". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e33454. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033454. PMC 3335039. PMID 22536318.

[9] Li X, Li C, Zhu LH (January 2015). "[Correlation of autophagy-associated gene Atg5 with tumorigenesis of prostate cancer]". Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology. 21 (1): 31–4. PMID 25707136.

[10] An CH, Kim MS, Yoo NJ, Park SW, Lee SH (July 2011). "Mutational and expressional analyses of ATG5, an autophagy-related gene, in gastrointestinal cancers". Pathology, Research and Practice. 207 (7): 433–7. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2011.05.002. PMID 21664058.

[11] Cho DH, Jo YK, Kim SC, Park IJ, Kim JC (September 2012). "Down-regulated expression of ATG5 in colorectal cancer". Anticancer Research. 32 (9): 4091–6. PMID 22993366.

[12] Liu H, He Z, Simon HU (February 2014). "Autophagy suppresses melanoma tumorigenesis by inducing senescence". Autophagy. 10 (2): 372–3. doi:10.4161/auto.27163. PMC 5396100. PMID 24300435.

[13] Kimmey JM, Huynh JP, Weiss LA, Park S, Kambal A, Debnath J, Virgin HW, Stallings CL (December 2015). "Unique role for ATG5 in neutrophil-mediated immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection". Nature. 528 (7583): 565–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..565K. doi:10.1038/nature16451. PMC 4842313. PMID 26649827.

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