راهنما:IPA for Irish
جداول زیر نحوهٔ نمایش تلفظهای زبان ایرلندی از سوی الفبای آوانگاری بینالمللی (IPA) را در بر میگیرند.
| حروف بیصدا | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| درشت[۱] | نازک[۲] | متناظر انگلیسی | |||
| IPA | مثال | IPA | مثال | ||
| bˠ | bain, scuab | bʲ | béal, cnáib | boot; beautiful | |
| d̪ˠ | dorn, nead | dʲ | dearg, cuid | do (but dental), though in Hiberno-English; dew | |
| fˠ | fós, graf pholl |
fʲ | fíon, stuif phríosún |
fool; fuel | |
| ɡ | gasúr, bog | ɟ | geata, carraig | goose; argue | |
| ɣ | dhorn ghasúr |
j | dhearg gheata |
(no equivalent); yellow | |
| h[۳] | Shasana, shean thaisce, theanga hata, na héisc |
hand | |||
| k | cáis, mac | c | ceist, mic | scan, skew | |
| l̪ˠ[۴] | labhair, balla | l̠ʲ[۴] | leabhair, goilleadh | filth; million | |
| lˠ[۴] | fhlaith, bealach | lʲ[۴] | fhleasc, goile | pool; leaf | |
| mˠ | mór, am | mʲ | milis, im | moot; mute | |
| n̪ˠ[۵] | naoi, donna | n̠ʲ[۵] | ní, bainne | tenth; inch | |
| nˠ[۵] | dona | nʲ[۵] | bainis | noon; new | |
| ŋ | ngasúr | ɲ | ngeata | long; angular | |
| pˠ | poll, stop | pʲ | príosún, truip | poor; pure | |
| ɾˠ | rí, cuairt, barr, cairr | ɾʲ | fhréamh, tirim | rule (but tapped); real (but tapped) | |
| sˠ | Sasana, tús, speal | ʃ | sean, cáis | soon; sheet | |
| t̪ˠ | taisce, ceart | tʲ | tír, beirt | stand (but dental), thorn in Hiberno-English; stew | |
| w[۶] | bhain, dubh mhór, léamh vóta |
vʲ | bhéal, sibh mhilis, nimh veidhlín |
have; view | |
| x | cháis, taoiseach | ç | cheist, deich | loch (Scottish English); hue (pronounced strongly) | |
پانویس
ویرایش- ↑ Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ›, are pronounced with the back of the زبان (کالبدشناسی) raised toward the نرمکام، which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents, like انگلیسی فصیح and General American, but not in انگلیسی ایرلندی. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Note that the superscript character ‹ˠ› is not a capital "Y" but a Greek lowercase گاما (حرف), ‹γ›.
- ↑ "نازک" (palatalized) consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the زبان (کالبدشناسی) raised toward the سختکام، in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e›, ‹i›.
- ↑ /h/ is neither broad nor slender.
- ↑ ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ ۴٫۲ ۴٫۳ Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "l" sound. Most dialects have merged /l̪ˠ/ and /lˠ/ as /l̪ˠ/, and some have also merged /l̠ʲ/ and /lʲ/ as /lʲ/. Still others have merged /lˠ/ and /lʲ/ as /l/.
- ↑ ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ ۵٫۲ ۵٫۳ Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "n" sound. Most dialects have merged /n̪ˠ/ and /nˠ/ as [n̪ˠ], and some have also merged /n̠ʲ/ and /nʲ/ as [nʲ]. Still others have merged /nˠ/ and /nʲ/ as [n]. In parts of Munster, /n̠ʲ/ has merged with /ɲ/ in non-initial position.
- ↑ Also /vˠ/ in some positions in some dialects.
- ↑ ۷٫۰ ۷٫۱ ۷٫۲ ۷٫۳ All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯.
پیوند به بیرون
ویرایش- Irish Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Irish Text to IPA Phonetic Transcription